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Ferroptosis in Renal Cancer Therapy: A Narrative Review of Drug Candidates
1
Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
2
Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
3
Department of Biology, Grinnell College, Grinnell, IA 50112, USA
4
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310006, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Cancers 2024, 16(18), 3131; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16183131 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 20 July 2024
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Revised: 26 August 2024
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Accepted: 6 September 2024
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Published: 11 September 2024
(This article belongs to the Section Cancer Drug Development)
Simple Summary
Treatment options for patients with advanced renal cancer are limited, as one of the main methods, chemotherapy, is prone to drug resistance in the course of treatment. There have been numerous studies confirming that ferroptosis is involved in the development of renal cancer and drug resistance during treatment. In this review, we provide new insights into the resistance of classical chemotherapy drugs sorafenib and sunitinib in renal cancer and explore the mechanism of different types of ferroptosis-related drugs to treat renal cancer, such as herb extract medicine, ferroptosis inducers, natural compounds, nanomaterials, etc. We have also conducted an in-depth discussion on the application of ferroptosis-related drugs in the clinical treatment of renal cancer.
Abstract
Renal cancer is a common and serious malignant tumor of the urinary system. While surgery effectively treats early-stage renal cancer, advanced cases pose a significant challenge due to poor treatment outcomes and chemotherapy resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop alternative therapeutic strategies. Ferroptosis is a newly defined form of programmed cell death characterized by the accumulation of iron-dependent lipid peroxides, which plays a critical role in tumor progression and drug resistance. Recent studies have shown that ferroptosis is involved in the occurrence and development of renal cancer, and ferroptosis-related genes can induce cell apoptosis and can be used as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of renal cancer and participate in drug resistance of renal cancer chemotherapy. With the continuous improvement of the mechanism of ferroptosis, drugs targeting ferroptosis for the treatment of renal cancer are emerging in an endless stream. Based on the theoretical basis of the occurrence of ferroptosis, this paper reviewed drug-induced ferroptosis in renal cancer cells from the aspects of herbal medicine, natural compounds, drug resistance mechanisms, and nanomaterials, and delves into the clinical application potential of ferroptosis-related drugs in the treatment of renal cancer.
