Lifestyle Factors and Breast Cancer in Females with PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome (PHTS)
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Linda A. J. Hendricks
1,2
,
Katja C. J. Verbeek
1,2,
Janneke H. M. Schuurs-Hoeijmakers
1,
Arjen R. Mensenkamp
1,2,
Hilde Brems
3,
Robin de Putter
4,
Violetta C. Anastasiadou
5,
Marie-Charlotte Villy
6,
Arne Jahn
7,8,9,
Verena Steinke-Lange
10,11,
Margherita Baldassarri
12,13,14,
Arvids Irmejs
15,16,
Mirjam M. de Jong
17,
Thera P. Links
18,
Edward M. Leter
19,
Daniëlle G. M. Bosch
20,
Hildegunn Høberg-Vetti
21,
Marianne Tveit Haavind
21,
Kjersti Jørgensen
22,
Lovise Mæhle
22,
Ana Blatnik
23,
Joan Brunet
24,
Esther Darder
24,
Emma Tham
25,26,
Nicoline Hoogerbrugge
1,2 and
Janet R. Vos
1,2,*add
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1
Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc Expert Center for PHTS, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
2
Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
3
Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
4
Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
5
Karaiskakio Foundation, Nicosia Cyprus and Archbishop Makarios III Children’s Hospital, Nicosia 2012, Cyprus
6
Service de Génétique, Institut Curie, 75248 Paris, France
7
Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universitat Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
8
Hereditary Cancer Syndrome Center Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
9
German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Dresden, Germany
10
Medical Genetics Center, 80335 Munich, Germany
11
Arbeitsgruppe Erbliche Gastrointestinale Tumore, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV—Campus Innenstadt, Klinikum der Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
12
Medical Genetics, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
13
Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
14
Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, 53100 Siena, Italy
15
Institute of Oncology, Riga Stradins University, 1007 Riga, Latvia
16
Breast Unit, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, 1002 Riga, Latvia
17
Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
18
Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
19
Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
20
Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
21
Western Norway Familial Cancer Center, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
22
Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
23
Department of Clinical Cancer Genetics, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
24
Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL-IDIBGI, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
25
Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
26
Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Cancers 2024, 16(5), 953; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16050953
Submission received: 8 January 2024
/
Revised: 15 February 2024
/
Accepted: 17 February 2024
/
Published: 27 February 2024
(This article belongs to the Section Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention)
Simple Summary
Females with PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome (PHTS) have very high hereditary breast cancer risks up to 76%. The aim of this European cohort study was to the describe the lifestyle in PHTS patients and to assess associations between physical activity, alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking, BMI and breast cancer in female adult PHTS patients. It was observed that of 125 patients who completed the questionnaire, 81% were ≥2 times/week physically active, 86% consumed on average <1 glass of alcohol/day, 78% never smoked and most patients were overweight or obese (72%). In total, 39 developed breast cancer (31%). No indications were found that associations between lifestyle and breast cancer in PHTS patients are different from the general population. These findings suggest that awareness about lifestyle among PHTS patients is important, as a healthier lifestyle could potentially decrease their breast cancer risk in a similar way as for the general population.
Abstract
Females with PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome (PHTS) have breast cancer risks up to 76%. This study assessed associations between breast cancer and lifestyle in European female adult PHTS patients. Data were collected via patient questionnaires (July 2020–March 2023) and genetic diagnoses from medical files. Associations between lifestyle and breast cancer were calculated using logistic regression corrected for age. Index patients with breast cancer before PHTS diagnosis (breast cancer index) were excluded for ascertainment bias correction. In total, 125 patients were included who completed the questionnaire at a mean age of 44 years (SD = 13). This included 21 breast cancer indexes (17%) and 39 females who developed breast cancer at 43 years (SD = 9). Breast cancer patients performed about 1.1 times less often 0–1 times/week physical activity than ≥2 times (ORtotal-adj = 0.9 (95%CI 0.3–2.6); consumed daily about 1.2–1.8 times more often ≥1 than 0–1 glasses of alcohol (ORtotal-adj = 1.2 (95%CI 0.4–4.0); ORnon-breastcancer-index-adj = 1.8 (95%CI 0.4–6.9); were about 1.04–1.3 times more often smokers than non-smokers (ORtotal-adj = 1.04 (95%CI 0.4–2.8); ORnon-breastcancer-index-adj = 1.3 (95%CI 0.4–4.2)); and overweight or obesity (72%) was about 1.02–1.3 times less common (ORtotal-adj = 0.98 (95%CI 0.4–2.6); ORnon-breastcancer-index-adj = 0.8 (95%CI 0.3–2.7)). Similar associations between lifestyle and breast cancer are suggested for PHTS and the general population. Despite not being statistically significant, results are clinically relevant and suggest that awareness of the effects of lifestyle on patients’ breast cancer risk is important.
Keywords:
alcohol drinking; body mass index; breast neoplasm; exercise; hamartoma syndrome; multiple
