Exosomes in Prostate Cancer: Putting Together the Pieces of a Puzzle
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Exosomes, Does Size Matter?
3. Exosome Identification: Fitting Heterogeneity into a Single Category
Marker | Subcellular localisation | REFs |
---|---|---|
Alix | cytosol | [38] |
TSG101 | cytosol | [39] |
CD9 | plasma membrane | [40,41] |
CD63 | plasma membrane and cytosol | [42,43] |
CD81 | plasma membrane | [40] |
TfR | perinuclear or plasma membrane | [44] |
4. Do Exosomes Provide Potential Prostate Cancer Biomarkers?
Marker | Subcellular localisation | REFs |
---|---|---|
PSMA | plasma membrane and cytosol | [86] |
CD38 | plasma membrane | [87] |
Anx1 | intracellular granule | [88] |
CD59 | plasma membrane | [89] |
CD46 | plasma membrane | [89,90] |
CD55 | plasma membrane | [89] |
4.1. Exosomal Proteins in Prostate Cancer
4.2. Exosomal RNA in Prostate Cancer
Detected miRNAs | Sample | Cohort | REF |
---|---|---|---|
107, 130b, 141, 181a-2, 2110, 301a, 326, 331-3p, 432, 484, 574-3p, 625 | Plasma | All PCa cases versus normal control individuals | [123] |
107, 141, 181a-2, 2110, 301a, 326, 432, 484, 574-3p, 625 | Plasma | Localised PCa versus normal control individuals | [123] |
582-3p, 20a, 375, 200b, 379, 572, 513a-5p, 577, 23a, 1236, 609, 17, 619, 624, 198, 130b | Plasma | Localised prostate cancer versus metastatic PCa | [123] |
107, 574-3p, 375, 200b, 141 | Urine | Benign versus PCa | [123] |
4.3. Exosomal Lipids in Prostate Cancer
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Soekmadji, C.; Russell, P.J.; Nelson, C.C. Exosomes in Prostate Cancer: Putting Together the Pieces of a Puzzle. Cancers 2013, 5, 1522-1544. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers5041522
Soekmadji C, Russell PJ, Nelson CC. Exosomes in Prostate Cancer: Putting Together the Pieces of a Puzzle. Cancers. 2013; 5(4):1522-1544. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers5041522
Chicago/Turabian StyleSoekmadji, Carolina, Pamela J. Russell, and Colleen C. Nelson. 2013. "Exosomes in Prostate Cancer: Putting Together the Pieces of a Puzzle" Cancers 5, no. 4: 1522-1544. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers5041522