Biochemical Degradation of Chitosan over Immobilized Cellulase and Supported Fenton Catalysts
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Characterization of Catalysts
2.1.1. N2 Adsorption–Desorption Analysis
2.1.2. FT-IR of Catalysts
2.1.3. High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscope Analysis of Catalysts
2.1.4. X-ray Diffraction of Catalysts
2.2. Catalytic Performances
2.2.1. Degradation of Chitosan Catalyzed by MCM-48, Fe-MCM-48, and Cellulase-MCM-48
2.2.2. Activity of Fe-MCM-48 Catalysts at Different Temperatures
2.2.3. Distribution of Degradation Products
2.2.4. FT-IR Analysis of Degradation Products
3. Experimental Section
3.1. Materials and Reagents
3.2. Preparation of the Modified MCM-48 Catalyst
3.2.1. Cellulase-MCM-48
3.2.2. Fe-MCM-48
3.3. Catalyst Characterization
3.4. Catalytic Test
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Entry | Samples | Fe (wt %) | Enzyme (wt %) | BET Surface Area (m2/g) | Pore Volume (cm3/g) | Average Pore Diameter (nm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | MCM-48 | - | - | 797.7 | 0.65 | 3.04 |
2 | Fe-MCM-48 | 3.4% | - | 691.8 | 0.48 | 3.50 |
3 | Cellulase-MCM-48 | - | 6.4% | 589.5 | 0.39 | 3.72 |
Entry | Catalyst | Product Yield (%) | Average Degree of Polymerization |
---|---|---|---|
1 a | Fe-MCM-48 | 92 | 6.1 |
2 b | Cellulase-MCM-48 b | 95 | 29.2 |
3 c | Fe-MCM-48 and cellulase-MCM-48 c | 93 | 3.8 |
Entry a | Temperature (°C) | Product Yield (%) | Average Degree of Polymerization |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 40 | 94 | 7.5 |
2 | 50 | 95 | 6.1 |
3 | 60 | 93 | 5.9 |
4 | 70 | 90 | – b |
Peak b | Retention Time/min | Peak Area | Molecular Mass | Proportion | Possible Components |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 20.80 | 1.15 | 49 | 2.9% | - |
2 | 19.72 | 14.14 | 125 | 35.4% | Glucosamine |
3 | 19.51 | 3.20 | 170 | 8.0% | N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine |
4 | 18.80 | 5.89 | 413 | 14.7% | Chitobiose Hydrochloride |
5 | 18.35 | 6.06 | 663 | 15.2% | Chitotriose Hydrochloride |
6 | 18.15 | 2.80 | 819 | 7.0% | Chitotetraose Hydrochloride |
7 | 17.87 | 1.21 | 1100 | 3.0% | Chitopentaose Hydrochloride |
8 | 17.71 | 1.39 | 1303 | 3.5% | Chitohexaose Hydrochloride |
9 | 17.52 | 1.49 | 1593 | 3.7% | - |
10 | 17.25 | 1.41 | 2120 | 3.5% | - |
11 | 16.89 | 0.18 | 3103 | 0.5% | - |
Entry | Catalyst | Relative Content of Product (%) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PD = 1 | PD = 2 | PD = 3 | PD = 4 | PD = 5 | PD = 6 | ||
1 | Fe-MCM-48 a | 22.1 | 9.7 | 10.7 | 11.5 | 19.0 | 18.4 |
2 | Cellulase-MCM-48 b | 0.77 | 0.60 | 0.76 | 0.71 | 0.71 | 0.66 |
3 | Fe-MCM-48 and cellulase-MCM-48 c | 31.8 | 12.0 | 17.7 | 16.6 | 10.4 | 7.8 |
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Geng, H.; Mou, Z.; Liu, Z.; Li, F.; Yang, C. Biochemical Degradation of Chitosan over Immobilized Cellulase and Supported Fenton Catalysts. Catalysts 2020, 10, 604. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10060604
Geng H, Mou Z, Liu Z, Li F, Yang C. Biochemical Degradation of Chitosan over Immobilized Cellulase and Supported Fenton Catalysts. Catalysts. 2020; 10(6):604. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10060604
Chicago/Turabian StyleGeng, Huawei, Zonggang Mou, Ziyong Liu, Fuli Li, and Cheng Yang. 2020. "Biochemical Degradation of Chitosan over Immobilized Cellulase and Supported Fenton Catalysts" Catalysts 10, no. 6: 604. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10060604