Copper Tricomponent Catalysts Application for Hydrogen Production from Ethanol
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Characteristics of the Catalysts
2.2. Catalytic Activity
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Materials
3.2. Catalysts Preparation
3.3. Catalysts Characterization
3.4. Catalytic Tests
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Catalyst | CuO (mass%) | ZrO2 (mass%) | Other Metal Oxides a (mass%) | Size of Crystallites b (nm) | SCu c (m2/gCu) | SBET d (m2/g) | Vp (cm3/g) | Dp (nm) | DCu (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cu0 (111) | ZrO2 (111) | |||||||||
Cu/Zr/Ni | 63.3 | 32.7 | 4 | 37.8 | 6.3 | 13 | 40 | 0.14 | 13 | 2.0 |
Cu/Zr/Co | 63.3 | 32.7 | 4 | 32.8 | 5.6 | 11 | 32 | 0.12 | 15 | 1.7 |
Cu/Zr/Ce | 63.3 | 32.7 | 4 | 75.0 | 4.7 | 6 | 35 | 0.13 | 15 | 0.9 |
Cu/Zr | 63.8 | 36.2 | – | 23.1 | 5.5 | 3 | 23 | 0.07 | 13 | 0.5 |
Catalyst | Basic Sites (µmol/g) | Amount of CO2 Adsorbed (µmol) | Amount of CO2 Desorbed (µmol) | Total Basicity (µmol/g) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Weak | Medium | Strong | ||||
CuZrNi | 40.4 | 39.6 | – | 3.9 | 4.0 | 79.9 |
CuZrCo | 25.1 | 42.8 | – | 3.3 | 3.3 | 67.9 |
CuZrCe | 34.2 | 45.4 | 16.4 | 5.1 | 4.9 | 96.0 |
CuZr | 41.3 | 13.9 | 1.0 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 56.2 |
Catalyst | (L/kgcat·h) | T (K) | α (%) | SCO (%) | (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cu/Zr/Ni | 490 | 593 | 100 | 5.3 | 35.9 |
Cu/Zr/Co | 360 | 573 | 97 | 1.8 | 0.3 |
Cu/Zr/Ce | 378 | 573 | 99 | 0.1 | 0.0 |
Cu/Zr | 309 | 533 | 91 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
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Hamryszak, Ł.; Kulawska, M.; Madej-Lachowska, M.; Śliwa, M.; Samson, K.; Ruggiero-Mikołajczyk, M. Copper Tricomponent Catalysts Application for Hydrogen Production from Ethanol. Catalysts 2021, 11, 575. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11050575
Hamryszak Ł, Kulawska M, Madej-Lachowska M, Śliwa M, Samson K, Ruggiero-Mikołajczyk M. Copper Tricomponent Catalysts Application for Hydrogen Production from Ethanol. Catalysts. 2021; 11(5):575. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11050575
Chicago/Turabian StyleHamryszak, Łukasz, Maria Kulawska, Maria Madej-Lachowska, Michał Śliwa, Katarzyna Samson, and Małgorzata Ruggiero-Mikołajczyk. 2021. "Copper Tricomponent Catalysts Application for Hydrogen Production from Ethanol" Catalysts 11, no. 5: 575. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11050575