The Synthesis of Cu–Mn–Al Mixed-Oxide Combustion Catalysts by Co-Precipitation in the Presence of Starch: A Comparison of NaOH with Organic Precipitants

Napruszewska, Bogna D.; Walczyk, Anna; Duraczyńska, Dorota; Kryściak-Czerwenka, Joanna; Michalik, Alicja; Karcz, Robert; Śliwa, Michał; Serwicka, Ewa M.

doi:10.3390/catal12101159

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

The Synthesis of Cu–Mn–Al Mixed-Oxide Combustion Catalysts by Co-Precipitation in the Presence of Starch: A Comparison of NaOH with Organic Precipitants

by

Bogna D. Napruszewska

,

Anna Walczyk

,

Dorota Duraczyńska

,

Joanna Kryściak-Czerwenka

,

Alicja Michalik

,

Robert Karcz

,

Michał Śliwa

and

Ewa M. Serwicka

^*

Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Catalysts 2022, 12(10), 1159; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12101159

Submission received: 12 September 2022 / Revised: 24 September 2022 / Accepted: 26 September 2022 / Published: 2 October 2022

(This article belongs to the Section Catalytic Materials)

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Abstract

Cu–Mn mixed oxides are well known as active combustion catalysts. The common method for their synthesis is based on co-precipitation, with NaOH as a precipitant, and is burdened with the possibility of introducing undesired Na contamination. This work describes the use of two organic bases, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide and choline hydroxide, as precipitating agents in a novel alkali-free route for Cu–Mn–Al catalyst synthesis. To obtain fine crystalline precursors, which are considered advantageous for the preparation of active catalysts, co-precipitation was carried out in the presence of starch gel. Reference materials prepared with NaOH in the absence of starch were also obtained. Mixed oxides were produced by calcination at 450 °C. The precursors contained MnCO₃ doped with Cu and Al, and an admixture of amorphous phases. Those prepared in the presence of starch were less crystalline and retained biopolymer residues. The combustion of these residues during calcination enhanced the formation of larger amounts of the Cu_1.5Mn_1.5O₄ spinel phase, with better crystallinity in comparison to catalysts prepared from conventionally synthesized precursors. Tests of toluene combustion demonstrated that the catalysts prepared with starch performed better than those obtained in starch-free syntheses, and that the mixed oxides obtained by the alkali-free route were more active than catalysts prepared with NaOH. Catalytic data are discussed in terms of property–performance relationships.

Keywords: Cu–Mn mixed oxides; combustion catalyst; alkali-free synthesis; organic base; tetrabutylammonium hydroxide; choline hydroxide; starch; biotemplate; toluene combustion

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MDPI and ACS Style

Napruszewska, B.D.; Walczyk, A.; Duraczyńska, D.; Kryściak-Czerwenka, J.; Michalik, A.; Karcz, R.; Śliwa, M.; Serwicka, E.M. The Synthesis of Cu–Mn–Al Mixed-Oxide Combustion Catalysts by Co-Precipitation in the Presence of Starch: A Comparison of NaOH with Organic Precipitants. Catalysts 2022, 12, 1159. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12101159

AMA Style

Napruszewska BD, Walczyk A, Duraczyńska D, Kryściak-Czerwenka J, Michalik A, Karcz R, Śliwa M, Serwicka EM. The Synthesis of Cu–Mn–Al Mixed-Oxide Combustion Catalysts by Co-Precipitation in the Presence of Starch: A Comparison of NaOH with Organic Precipitants. Catalysts. 2022; 12(10):1159. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12101159

Chicago/Turabian Style

Napruszewska, Bogna D., Anna Walczyk, Dorota Duraczyńska, Joanna Kryściak-Czerwenka, Alicja Michalik, Robert Karcz, Michał Śliwa, and Ewa M. Serwicka. 2022. "The Synthesis of Cu–Mn–Al Mixed-Oxide Combustion Catalysts by Co-Precipitation in the Presence of Starch: A Comparison of NaOH with Organic Precipitants" Catalysts 12, no. 10: 1159. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12101159

APA Style

Napruszewska, B. D., Walczyk, A., Duraczyńska, D., Kryściak-Czerwenka, J., Michalik, A., Karcz, R., Śliwa, M., & Serwicka, E. M. (2022). The Synthesis of Cu–Mn–Al Mixed-Oxide Combustion Catalysts by Co-Precipitation in the Presence of Starch: A Comparison of NaOH with Organic Precipitants. Catalysts, 12(10), 1159. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12101159

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The Synthesis of Cu–Mn–Al Mixed-Oxide Combustion Catalysts by Co-Precipitation in the Presence of Starch: A Comparison of NaOH with Organic Precipitants

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