Cr-Containing Rare-Earth Substituted Yttrium Iron Garnet Ferrites: Catalytic Properties in the Ethylbenzene Oxidation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Summary of the Main Physiochemical Features of the Fresh YIG Catalysts
2.2. Effect of the Reaction Time on the Catalytic Activity in EB Oxidation with H2O2
2.3. Impact of the Cr Amounts on the Catalytic Activity and Recyclability
2.4. Structure by Raman, FTIR and XRD and Valence States by EPR
2.5. Morphological and Surface Properties
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Materials
3.2. Synthesis of the YIG Catalyst
3.3. Synthesis of the Er and Cr Containing Yttrium Iron Garnet Ferrites
3.4. Characterizations
3.5. Catalytic Tests
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Catalyst | a Composition | b Crystal Structure | b Crystal Sizes (nm) |
---|---|---|---|
YIG | Y3Fe5O12 | YIG | 53 |
EYIG | Y2.98Fe5Er0.02O12 | YIG | 57 |
CYIG | Y2.98Fe4.98Cr0.02O12 | YIG | 65 |
EC1YIG | Y2.98Fe4.99Er0.02Cr0.01O12 | YIG | 53 |
EC2YIG | Y2.98Fe4.98Er0.02Cr0.02O12 | YIG | 64 |
EC3YIG | Y2.98Fe4.97Er0.02Cr0.03O12 | YIG | 63 |
EC4YIG | Y2.98Fe4.96Er0.02Cr0.04O12 | YIG | 67 |
EC5YIG | Y2.98Fe4.95Er0.02Cr0.05O12 | YIG | 58 |
(%) Selectivity to the Products | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Catalyst | Acetophenone | Benzaldehyde | Benzoic Acid | Others |
YIG | 22.3 | - | - | 77.7 |
EC1YIG | 38.0 | 3.8 | 6.6 | 51.6 |
EC2YIG | 36.4 | 2.7 | 4.3 | 56.6 |
EC3YIG | 23.3 | - | 49.3 | 27.4 |
EC4YIG | 13.8 | - | 49.4 | 36.8 |
EC5YIG | 2.3 | - | 29.8 | 67.9 |
Sample | Fe 2p (eV) | Y 3d (eV) | Cr 2p (eV) | O 1s (eV) | C 1s (eV) | Y/Fe | Cr/C |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CYIG | 710.6 725.4 | 157.1 159.1 | 576.4 587.5 | 529.7 531.4 532.9 | 284.5 285.8 288.2 | 1.56 | 0.03 |
EC1YIG | 710.4 725.4 | 157.2 159.2 | 576.8 586.6 | 529.7 531.2 532.8 | 284.6 286.1 288.4 | 1.06 | 0.05 |
EC2YIG | 710.6 725.4 | 157.3 159.4 | 577.0 587.1 | 529.9 531.5 532.8 | 284.7 285.9 288.4 | 1.02 | 0.03 |
EC3YIG | 710.5 725.4 | 157.4 159.5 | 577.2 587.5 | 529.9 531.4 532.8 | 284.8 286.1 288.5 | 1.16 | 0.03 |
EC4YIG | 710.9 725.4 | 157.6 159.6 | 577.2 587.6 | 529.9 531.4 532.8 | 284.7 285.9 288.4 | 1.27 | 0.02 |
EC5YIG | 710.5 725.4 | 157.4 159.4 | 576.9 587.4 | 529.9 531.5 532.8 | 284.8 286.2 288.6 | 1.25 | 0.04 |
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do Carmo, J.V.C.; de Cássia F. Bezerra, R.; Guerra, Y.; Peña-Garcia, R.; Oliveira, A.C.; Padron-Hernandez, E.; Saraiva, G.D.; Soares, J.M.; Castro, A.J.R.; Tehuacanaero-Cuapa, S.; et al. Cr-Containing Rare-Earth Substituted Yttrium Iron Garnet Ferrites: Catalytic Properties in the Ethylbenzene Oxidation. Catalysts 2022, 12, 1033. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12091033
do Carmo JVC, de Cássia F. Bezerra R, Guerra Y, Peña-Garcia R, Oliveira AC, Padron-Hernandez E, Saraiva GD, Soares JM, Castro AJR, Tehuacanaero-Cuapa S, et al. Cr-Containing Rare-Earth Substituted Yttrium Iron Garnet Ferrites: Catalytic Properties in the Ethylbenzene Oxidation. Catalysts. 2022; 12(9):1033. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12091033
Chicago/Turabian Styledo Carmo, José Vitor C., Rita de Cássia F. Bezerra, Y. Guerra, R. Peña-Garcia, Alcineia C. Oliveira, E. Padron-Hernandez, Gilberto D. Saraiva, João M. Soares, Antonio Joel R. Castro, Samuel Tehuacanaero-Cuapa, and et al. 2022. "Cr-Containing Rare-Earth Substituted Yttrium Iron Garnet Ferrites: Catalytic Properties in the Ethylbenzene Oxidation" Catalysts 12, no. 9: 1033. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12091033