Degradation of Organic Dye Congo Red by Heterogeneous Solar Photocatalysis with Bi2S3, Bi2S3/TiO2, and Bi2S3/ZnO Thin Films
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Characterization of Bi2S3 Thin Films Deposited with Two and Three Layers
2.1.1. Morphology of Bi2S3 Thin Films
2.1.2. X-ray Diffraction of Bi2S3 Thin Films
2.1.3. Optical Characterization
2.1.4. Contact Angle of Bi2S3 Thin Films
2.2. Characterization of Bi2S3/TiO2 Thin Films
2.2.1. Morphology of Bi2S3/TiO2 Thin Films
2.2.2. X-ray Diffraction of Bi2S3/TiO2 Thin Films
2.2.3. Optical Characterization of Bi2S3/TiO2 Thin Films
2.2.4. Contact Angle of Bi2S3/TiO2 Thin Films
2.3. Characterization of Bi2S3/ZnO Thin Films
2.3.1. Morphology of Bi2S3/ZnO Thin Films
2.3.2. X-ray Diffraction of Bi2S3/ZnO Thin Films
2.3.3. Optical Characterization of Bi2S3/ZnO Thin Films
2.3.4. Contact Angle of Bi2S3/ZnO Thin Films
2.4. Photocatalytic Activity of Bi2S3, Bi2S3/TiO2, and Bi2S3/ZnO Thin Films
3. Experimental Section
3.1. Deposition of Bi2S3 Thin Films
3.2. Preparation of TiO2 Nanoparticles
3.3. Preparation of the ZnO Nanoparticles
3.4. Preparation of Bi2S3/TiO2 and Bi2S3/ZnO Thin Films
3.5. Characteritation of Materials
3.6. Photocatalytic Degradation of Congo Red
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Congo Red | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st Replica | 2nd Replica | 3rd Replica | ||||
Material | Concentration | % Degradation | Concentration | % Degradation | Concentration | % Degradation |
C initial | 20.011 | 0 | 20.495 | 0 | 20.373 | 0 |
Two-layer Bi2S3 | 15.727 | 21.408 | 16.696 | 18.53622835 | 17.510 | 14.05291317 |
Three-layer Bi2S3 | 15.904 | 20.523 | 16.58 | 19.10222005 | 18.560 | 8.899033034 |
Two-layer Bi2S3/ZnO | 13.846 | 30.808 | 15.225 | 25.71358868 | 17.475 | 14.22470917 |
Three-layer Bi2S3/ZnO | 15.237 | 23.856 | 15.264 | 25.52329837 | 17.312 | 15.02478771 |
Two-layer Bi2S3/TiO2 | 15.46 | 22.742 | 16.654 | 18.74115638 | 17.237 | 15.392922 |
Three-layer Bi2S3/TiO2 | 15.691 | 21.588 | 15.728 | 23.25933154 | 17.378 | 14.70082953 |
Conditions/Number of Replicas | 1 | 2 | 3 |
---|---|---|---|
Date and time | 17 May 2023 (11:30 a.m. to 12:00 p.m.) | 19 July 2023 (12:20 p.m. to 12:50 p.m.) | 9 August 2023 (11:50 a.m. to 12:20 p.m.) |
Solar radiation (W/m2) | 1000 | 910 | 870 |
Solar UV index | 7.12 | 11 | 10 |
Temperature (°C) | 25 | 39 | 33 |
Humidity (%) | 24 | 13 | 26 |
Initial concentration (Co) (mg/L) | 20.011 | 20.495 | 20.373 |
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Palma Soto, E.; Rodriguez Gonzalez, C.A.; Luque Morales, P.A.; Reyes Blas, H.; Carrillo Castillo, A. Degradation of Organic Dye Congo Red by Heterogeneous Solar Photocatalysis with Bi2S3, Bi2S3/TiO2, and Bi2S3/ZnO Thin Films. Catalysts 2024, 14, 589. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal14090589
Palma Soto E, Rodriguez Gonzalez CA, Luque Morales PA, Reyes Blas H, Carrillo Castillo A. Degradation of Organic Dye Congo Red by Heterogeneous Solar Photocatalysis with Bi2S3, Bi2S3/TiO2, and Bi2S3/ZnO Thin Films. Catalysts. 2024; 14(9):589. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal14090589
Chicago/Turabian StylePalma Soto, Eli, Claudia A. Rodriguez Gonzalez, Priscy Alfredo Luque Morales, Hortensia Reyes Blas, and Amanda Carrillo Castillo. 2024. "Degradation of Organic Dye Congo Red by Heterogeneous Solar Photocatalysis with Bi2S3, Bi2S3/TiO2, and Bi2S3/ZnO Thin Films" Catalysts 14, no. 9: 589. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal14090589