Reconfigurable Shape Memory and Self-Welding Properties of Epoxy Phenolic Novolac/Cashew Nut Shell Liquid Composites Reinforced with Carbon Nanotubes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Materials
2.2. Measurements
2.2.1. Evaluation of Curing Reaction
2.2.2. Analysis of Thermomechanical Properties
2.2.3. Shape Memory Phenomena Induced by NIR
2.2.4. Stress Relaxation Behavior
2.2.5. Self-Welding Properties
2.2.6. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Observation
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Curing Reaction of EPN/CNSL Composites
3.2. Thermomechanical Properties of EPN/CNSL Film Composites
3.3. Shape Memory Effect of EPN/CNSL Composites
3.4. Shape Memory Behavior of EPN/CNSL Composites Induced by NIR Irradiation
3.5. Stress Relaxation of EPN/CNSL Composites
3.6. Reconfiguration and Shape Memory of EPN/CNSL Composites
3.7. Self-Welding of EPN/CNSL Composites
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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CNT Content (wt %) | Shape recover ratio (%) at N = 1–5 | Recovery time (s) at N = 1–5 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
0 | 98.85 | 99.56 | 99.98 | 98.89 | 99.51 | 230 | 235 | 235 | 230 | 230 |
0.1 | 99.52 | 98.73 | 99.67 | 99.56 | 99.63 | 100 | 90 | 105 | 115 | 120 |
0.3 | 98.87 | 99.13 | 98.22 | 99.82 | 99.56 | 95 | 90 | 85 | 90 | 80 |
0.5 | 99.45 | 99.78 | 98.32 | 98.67 | 99.67 | 65 | 60 | 70 | 65 | 55 |
CNT Content (wt %) | Original shape | Reconfigured shape | Reconfigured shape at 150 °C | Shape memory behavior activated by NIR | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Permanent SHAPE | Recovery shape | ||||
0 | | | | | |
0.1 | | | | | |
0.3 | | | | | |
0.5 | | | | | |
CNT Content (wt %) | Shape recover ratio (%) at N = 1–5 | Recovery time (s) at N = 1–5 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
0 | 96.35 | 97.87 | 88.54 | 86.33 | 85.26 | 390 | 370 | 410 | 500 | 510 |
0.1 | 84.18 | 77.73 | 77.53 | 72.24 | 71.36 | 170 | 210 | 190 | 180 | 190 |
0.3 | 79.75 | 74.47 | 70.34 | 67.28 | 67.48 | 120 | 110 | 130 | 140 | 140 |
0.5 | 59.73 | 57.39 | 59.37 | 53.43 | 48.17 | 80 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 |
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Kasemsiri, P.; Lorwanishpaisarn, N.; Pongsa, U.; Ando, S. Reconfigurable Shape Memory and Self-Welding Properties of Epoxy Phenolic Novolac/Cashew Nut Shell Liquid Composites Reinforced with Carbon Nanotubes. Polymers 2018, 10, 482. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10050482
Kasemsiri P, Lorwanishpaisarn N, Pongsa U, Ando S. Reconfigurable Shape Memory and Self-Welding Properties of Epoxy Phenolic Novolac/Cashew Nut Shell Liquid Composites Reinforced with Carbon Nanotubes. Polymers. 2018; 10(5):482. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10050482
Chicago/Turabian StyleKasemsiri, Pornnapa, Narubeth Lorwanishpaisarn, Uraiwan Pongsa, and Shinji Ando. 2018. "Reconfigurable Shape Memory and Self-Welding Properties of Epoxy Phenolic Novolac/Cashew Nut Shell Liquid Composites Reinforced with Carbon Nanotubes" Polymers 10, no. 5: 482. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10050482