Oxygen Plasma Treated-Electrospun Polyhydroxyalkanoate Scaffolds for Hydrophilicity Improvement and Cell Adhesion
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Biopolymers
2.2. Preparation of PHA-Based Scaffolds
2.2.1. Electrospinning
2.2.2. Oxygen Plasma Treatment
2.3. Characterization
2.3.1. Molecular Mass Distribution of the Biopolymers
2.3.2. Thermal Analysis
2.3.3. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
2.3.4. Water Contact Angle and Water Uptake Degree
2.4. Biological Assays
2.4.1. Cell Culture
2.4.2. Cell Seeding
2.4.3. Cell Viability (MTT Assay)
2.4.4. Cell Morphology
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Biopolymers Characterization
3.2. Scaffolds Preparation
3.2.1. Electrospun Scaffolds Based on P(3HB), P(3HB-co-3HV) and mcl-PHA
3.2.2. Electrospun Scaffolds Based on scl-/mcl-PHA Blends
3.2.3. Oxygen Plasma Treated Scaffolds
3.3. Scaffolds Characterization
3.3.1. Morphology
3.3.2. Molecular Mass Distribution
3.3.3. Thermal Properties
3.3.4. Water Contact Angle and Water Uptake Degree
3.3.5. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
3.4. Biological Assays
3.4.1. Cell Viability
3.4.2. Cell Morphology
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Processing/Material | Mw (Da) | PDI | Tm (°C) | Tdeg (°C) | ∆Hm (J g−1) | Xc (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
None | ||||||
P(3HB) | 5.20 × 105 | 1.80 | 176 | 293 | 76.5 | 52.4 |
P(3HB-co-3HV) | 5.60 × 105 | 1.60 | 171 | 292 | 34.5 | 23.6 |
mcl-PHA | 0.69 × 105 | 1.50 | 48 | 292 | 8.2 | 5.6 |
Electrospinning | ||||||
P(3HB) scaffold | 4.20 × 105 | 1.63 | 173 | 289 | 77.5 | 53.1 |
P(3HB-co-3HV) scaffold | 4.10 × 105 | 1.68 | 167 | 288 | 36.1 | 24.7 |
P(3HB-co-3HV): mcl-PHA blend scaffold | 3.50×105 | 2.79 | 168/46 | 290 | 30.5 | 20.9 |
Electrospinning + O2 Plasma Treatment | ||||||
P(3HB) scaffold | 3.50 × 105 | 1.90 | 171 | 291 | 56.6 | 38.8 |
P(3HB-co-3HV) scaffold | 3.50 × 105 | 2.00 | 168 | 293 | 26.3 | 18.0 |
P(3HB-co-3HV): mcl-PHA blend scaffold | 3.50 × 105 | 2.90 | 168/46 | 293 | 14.9 | 10.2 |
Solution | d (cm) | ϕ (mL h−1) | V (kV) |
---|---|---|---|
P(3HB) | 20 | 0.5 | 12 |
P(3HB-co-3HV) | 20 | 0.5 | 12 |
P(3HB-co-3HV): mcl-PHA blend | 25 | 0.5 | 15 |
Processing/Scaffold | Pore Size (µm) | Water Contact Angle (ϴ) | Water Uptake Degree (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Electrospinning | |||
P(3HB) | 9.4 ± 3.5 | 84.3 ± 1.8 | 0 |
P(3HB-co-3HV) | 10.2 ± 2.7 | 96.8 ± 1.3 | 77 |
P(3HB-co-3HV): mcl-PHA blend | 10.2 ± 3.3 | 113.5 ± 0.7 | 0 |
Electrospinning + O2 Plasma Treatment | |||
P(3HB) | 10.0 ± 2.9 | 0 | 294 |
P(3HB-co-3HV) | 9.5 ± 2.5 | 0 | 205 |
P(3HB-co-3HV): mcl-PHA blend | 10.4 ± 3.4 | 0 | 17 |
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Esmail, A.; Pereira, J.R.; Zoio, P.; Silvestre, S.; Menda, U.D.; Sevrin, C.; Grandfils, C.; Fortunato, E.; Reis, M.A.M.; Henriques, C.; et al. Oxygen Plasma Treated-Electrospun Polyhydroxyalkanoate Scaffolds for Hydrophilicity Improvement and Cell Adhesion. Polymers 2021, 13, 1056. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13071056
Esmail A, Pereira JR, Zoio P, Silvestre S, Menda UD, Sevrin C, Grandfils C, Fortunato E, Reis MAM, Henriques C, et al. Oxygen Plasma Treated-Electrospun Polyhydroxyalkanoate Scaffolds for Hydrophilicity Improvement and Cell Adhesion. Polymers. 2021; 13(7):1056. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13071056
Chicago/Turabian StyleEsmail, Asiyah, João R. Pereira, Patrícia Zoio, Sara Silvestre, Ugur Deneb Menda, Chantal Sevrin, Christian Grandfils, Elvira Fortunato, Maria A. M. Reis, Célia Henriques, and et al. 2021. "Oxygen Plasma Treated-Electrospun Polyhydroxyalkanoate Scaffolds for Hydrophilicity Improvement and Cell Adhesion" Polymers 13, no. 7: 1056. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13071056