Characteristic Evaluation of Gel Formulation Containing Niosomes of Melatonin or Its Derivative and Mucoadhesive Properties Using ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Synthesis of MLT Derivatives
2.3. Mucoadhesive Gel Formulation
2.4. Niosome Gel Characterization
2.5. Encapsulation Efficiency of MLT and Its Derivatives in Niosome Gel
2.6. Texture Analysis
2.7. Permeation Test
2.8. Mucin Treatment
2.9. Mucosa Treatment
2.10. ATR-FTIR Spectroscopic Analysis
2.11. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. ATR-FTIR Spectra of the Mucin, Mucosa, and Gels
3.2. F1- and F2-Treated Mucin
3.3. Physical Parameters of Niosome Gels
3.4. F1, Blank Niosomes in F1, and MLT or Its Derivative Niosomes in F1-Treated Mucosa
3.5. Effects of Temperature and Time on Blank Niosomes in F1 and MLT or Its Derivative Niosomes in F1-Treated Mucosa
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Blank Niosomes | Blank Niosomes in F1 | MLT Niosomes in F1 | S-MLT Niosomes in F1 | G-MLT Niosomes in F1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Physical parameters | |||||
Vesicle sizes (nm, n = 10) | 331 ± 173 | 281 ± 55 | 414 ± 138 # | 535 ±130 | 314 ± 45 |
Polydispersity index (p.i.) (n = 6) | 1.5 ± 1.2 | 2.1 ± 0.5 | 1.2 ± 0.6 # | 1.6 ± 0.7 | 1.3 ± 0.5 # |
Zeta potential (mV, n = 3) | −71.4 ± 1.0 | −5.6 ± 0.4 * | −32.4 ± 2.9 *# | −38.2 ± 0.2 *# | −1.1 ± 0.4 *#†§ |
Encapsulation (%, n = 3) | ND | ND | 92.63 ± 3.11 | 93.05 ± 2.87 | 88.99 ± 4.02 |
Permeation (n = 3) Fluxes (ug/cm2/h) | ND | ND | 16.60 ± 5.51 | 0.08 ± 0.01† | 0.29 ± 0.05 †§ |
Lag time (h) | ND | ND | 2.38 ± 0.05 | 5.15 ± 0.61† | 2.44 ± 1.26 § |
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Uthaiwat, P.; Priprem, A.; Puthongking, P.; Daduang, J.; Nukulkit, C.; Chio-Srichan, S.; Boonsiri, P.; Thapphasaraphong, S. Characteristic Evaluation of Gel Formulation Containing Niosomes of Melatonin or Its Derivative and Mucoadhesive Properties Using ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy. Polymers 2021, 13, 1142. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13071142
Uthaiwat P, Priprem A, Puthongking P, Daduang J, Nukulkit C, Chio-Srichan S, Boonsiri P, Thapphasaraphong S. Characteristic Evaluation of Gel Formulation Containing Niosomes of Melatonin or Its Derivative and Mucoadhesive Properties Using ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy. Polymers. 2021; 13(7):1142. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13071142
Chicago/Turabian StyleUthaiwat, Prangtip, Aroonsri Priprem, Ploenthip Puthongking, Jureerut Daduang, Chatchanok Nukulkit, Sirinart Chio-Srichan, Patcharee Boonsiri, and Suthasinee Thapphasaraphong. 2021. "Characteristic Evaluation of Gel Formulation Containing Niosomes of Melatonin or Its Derivative and Mucoadhesive Properties Using ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy" Polymers 13, no. 7: 1142. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13071142