Application of Taguchi Method to Optimize the Parameter of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Using Oil Palm Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Design of Experiment (DOE)
2.3. 3D Printing
2.4. Tensile Testing
2.5. Flexural Testing
2.6. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Interaction Plots, Probability Plots and ANOVA
3.2. Main Effect Plots for Means
3.3. Taguchi Optimization by S/N Ratio
3.4. SEM Analysis of Fractured Surfaces
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Factors | Levels | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | ||
A | Thickness of Layer (mm) | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 |
B | Orientation on Z-axis (°) | 0 | 45 | 90 |
C | Infill Density (%) | 100 | 50 | 0 |
D | Printing Speed (mm/s) | 10 | 50 | 100 |
Run | Layer Thickness (mm) | Orientation (°) | Infill Density (%) | Printing Speed (mm/s) | Responses | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tensile Strength (MPa) | Young’s Modulus (GPa) | Flexural Strength (MPa) | |||||
1 | 0.2 | 0 | 100 | 10 | 35.38 | 1.88 | 31.98 |
2 | 0.2 | 45 | 50 | 50 | 11.94 | 0.96 | 25.67 |
3 | 0.2 | 90 | 0 | 100 | 1.06 | 0.16 | 2.50 |
4 | 0.3 | 0 | 50 | 100 | 34.55 | 1.65 | 26.67 |
5 | 0.3 | 45 | 0 | 10 | 21.64 | 1.33 | 20.88 |
6 | 0.3 | 90 | 100 | 50 | 0.95 | 0.11 | 4.97 |
7 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 24.92 | 1.55 | 18.12 |
8 | 0.4 | 45 | 100 | 100 | 32.83 | 1.20 | 3.40 |
9 | 0.4 | 90 | 50 | 10 | 6.64 | 0.44 | 3.04 |
Dimension (mm) | ASTM D638 | ASTM D790 |
---|---|---|
Overall length | 165 | 130 |
Overall width | 19 | 13 |
Distance between grips | 115 | - |
Gage length | 50 | - |
Length of narrow section | 57 | - |
Thickness | 3.2 | 3 |
Radius of fillet | 76 | - |
Gage width | 13 | - |
Response | Source | DoF | Adj SS | Adj MS | F-Value | p-Value | % Contribution | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tensile strength | Layer thickness | 2 | 43.0 | 21.0 | 0.08 | 0.921 | 2.26 | Insignificant |
Orientation | 2 | 1286.2 | 643.1 | 12.55 | 0.007 * | 67.67 | Significant | |
Infill density | 2 | 83.0 | 42.0 | 0.17 | 0.851 | 4.37 | Insignificant | |
Printing speed | 2 | 181.0 | 91.0 | 0.38 | 0.696 | 9.52 | Insignificant | |
Error | 6 | 307.4 | 51.2 | 16.17 | ||||
Total | 8 | 1900.6 | 100 | |||||
Young’s modulus | Layer thickness | 2 | 0.006 | 0.003 | 0.01 | 0.995 | 0.09 | Insignificant |
Orientation | 2 | 3.262 | 1.631 | 51.23 | 0.000 * | 48.51 | Significant | |
Infill density | 2 | 0.005 | 0.002 | 0.00 | 0.996 | 0.07 | Insignificant | |
Printing speed | 2 | 0.180 | 0.090 | 0.17 | 0.851 | 2.68 | Insignificant | |
Error | 6 | 3.272 | 1.726 | 48.65 | ||||
Total | 8 | 6.725 | 100 | |||||
Flexural strength | Layer thickness | 2 | 234.0 | 117.0 | 0.80 | 0.494 | 15.68 | Insignificant |
Orientation | 2 | 740.6 | 370.3 | 5.91 | 0.038 * | 49.62 | Significant | |
Infill density | 2 | 47.0 | 23.0 | 0.13 | 0.880 | 3.15 | Insignificant | |
Printing speed | 2 | 95.0 | 48.0 | 0.28 | 0.765 | 6.36 | Insignificant | |
Error | 6 | 376.0 | 25.19 | |||||
Total | 8 | 100 |
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Ahmad, M.N.; Ishak, M.R.; Mohammad Taha, M.; Mustapha, F.; Leman, Z.; Anak Lukista, D.D.; Irianto; Ghazali, I. Application of Taguchi Method to Optimize the Parameter of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Using Oil Palm Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites. Polymers 2022, 14, 2140. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14112140
Ahmad MN, Ishak MR, Mohammad Taha M, Mustapha F, Leman Z, Anak Lukista DD, Irianto, Ghazali I. Application of Taguchi Method to Optimize the Parameter of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Using Oil Palm Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites. Polymers. 2022; 14(11):2140. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14112140
Chicago/Turabian StyleAhmad, Mohd Nazri, Mohamad Ridzwan Ishak, Mastura Mohammad Taha, Faizal Mustapha, Zulkiflle Leman, Debby Dyne Anak Lukista, Irianto, and Ihwan Ghazali. 2022. "Application of Taguchi Method to Optimize the Parameter of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Using Oil Palm Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites" Polymers 14, no. 11: 2140. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14112140