Adhesive-Free Adhesion between Plasma-Treated Glass-Cloth-Containing Polytetrafluoroethylene (GC–PTFE) and Stainless Steel: Comparison between GC–PTFE and Pure PTFE
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Plasma Treatment
2.3. Water Contact Angle (WCA) Measurements
2.4. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) Analysis
2.5. Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM) Test
2.6. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Analysis
2.7. Adhesion Strength Measurements Using a 90° Peel Test
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Assessment of the Wettability of GC–PTFE Using the WCA Measurement
3.2. Assessment of the Chemical-Bonding State of GC–PTFE Using XPS
3.3. Surface Roughness Measurement of GC–PTFE Using CLSM
3.4. Surface Morphology of GC–PTFE
3.5. Adhesion Strength Estimated by a 90° Peel Test (Plasma-Treatment Time Dependence)
3.6. Comparison of the Adhesion Properties of GC–PTFE and Pure PTFE
3.7. Comparison of the Wettabilities of GC–PTFE and Pure PTFE Using WCA Measurement
3.8. Comparison of the Chemical-Bonding States of GC–PTFE and Pure PTFE
3.9. Comparison of the Surface Morphology of GC–PTFE and Pure PTFE
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Material | Adherend | Surface Modification Treatment | Adhesion Strength | Adhesive | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pure PTFE | Cu | Ar+ ion irradiation | No data | No | [9] |
Pure PTFE | Glass-cloth | Nitrogen ion irradiation | 0.02 to 0.9 N/mm | An epoxy adhesive | [10,11] |
Pure PTFE | PMMA | UV irradiation using 1,2-diaminoethame | 0.03 to 10 MPa | An epoxy adhesive | [13] |
Pure PTFE | Plexiglass | UV irradiation using triethylene tetramine | 0.03 to 9 MPa | An epoxy adhesive | [14] |
Pure PTFE | CFRP | EB irradiation | 0.1 N/mm | No | [22] |
Pure PTFE | PDMS | EB irradiation | 0.11 N/mm | No | [23] |
Pure PTFE | Fe | Ar + H2O plasma treatment | 0.3 to 5.8 MPa | An epoxy adhesive | [29] |
Pure PTFE | NBR | NH3 plasma treatment | 8.1 N/mm | A phenolic adhesive | [30] |
Pure PTFE | Al | Ar + acrylic acid plasma treatment | 1.4 N/mm | An epoxy adhesive | [31] |
Pure PTFE | Stainless steel | Heat-assisted Ar plasma treatment | 0.00 to 1.17 N/mm | An epoxy adhesive | [32] |
Pure PTFE | Cu | Plasma polymerization using GMA | 0.03 to 0.48 N/mm | No | [33] |
Pure PTFE | Cu | Plasma polymerization using VIDz and GMA | 1.9 N/mm | No | [34] |
Pure PTFE | IIR | Heat-assisted He plasma treatment | 0.1 to > 2.0 N/mm | No | [35] |
Pure PTFE | Ag | Open-air type Ar + H2O plasma treatment | 0.04 to > 1.0 N/mm | No | [36] |
GC–PTFE | Stainless steel | Open-air type Ar + H2O plasma treatment | 0.42 to > 1.07 N/mm | No | This study |
CF2 [%] | C–F [%] | O–C=O [%] | C=O [%] | C–O [%] | C–C [%] | C=C [%] | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 s | 96.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.3 | 0.0 |
20 s | 81.6 | 4.5 | 3.0 | 5.2 | 4.5 | 1.2 | 0.0 |
40 s | 87.2 | 3.3 | 4.0 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 0.2 | 0.0 |
60 s | 88.0 | 5.1 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 1.4 | 0.5 | 0.0 |
100 s | 80.3 | 4.2 | 3.8 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 2.3 | 0.5 |
300 s | 81.3 | 4.1 | 4.7 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 0.8 | 0.2 |
Treatment Time [s] | 0 | 20 | 40 | 60 | 100 | 300 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sq [μm] | 7.92 ± 0.25 | 8.82 ± 0.24 | 8.49 ± 0.19 | 8.79 ± 0.17 | 8.12 ± 0.13 | 7.29 ± 0.23 |
Sa [μm] | 5.85 ± 0.27 | 6.08 ± 0.24 | 6.31 ± 0.15 | 6.60 ± 0.14 | 6.06 ± 0.13 | 5.30 ± 0.16 |
Sample | CF2 [%] | C–F [%] | O–C=O [%] | C=O [%] | C–O [%] | C–C [%] | C=C [%] | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GC–PTFE | 0 s | 96.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.3 | 0.0 |
20 s | 81.6 | 4.5 | 3.0 | 5.2 | 4.5 | 1.2 | 0.0 | |
100 s | 80.3 | 4.2 | 3.8 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 2.3 | 0.5 | |
Pure PTFE | 0 s | 98.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.7 | 0.0 |
20 s | 89.1 | 1.4 | 4.3 | 2.8 | 2.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
100 s | 81.7 | 1.9 | 4.9 | 2.9 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 0.0 |
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Nishino, M.; Okazaki, Y.; Seto, Y.; Uehara, T.; Endo, K.; Yamamura, K.; Ohkubo, Y. Adhesive-Free Adhesion between Plasma-Treated Glass-Cloth-Containing Polytetrafluoroethylene (GC–PTFE) and Stainless Steel: Comparison between GC–PTFE and Pure PTFE. Polymers 2022, 14, 394. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14030394
Nishino M, Okazaki Y, Seto Y, Uehara T, Endo K, Yamamura K, Ohkubo Y. Adhesive-Free Adhesion between Plasma-Treated Glass-Cloth-Containing Polytetrafluoroethylene (GC–PTFE) and Stainless Steel: Comparison between GC–PTFE and Pure PTFE. Polymers. 2022; 14(3):394. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14030394
Chicago/Turabian StyleNishino, Misa, Yuki Okazaki, Yosuke Seto, Tsuyoshi Uehara, Katsuyoshi Endo, Kazuya Yamamura, and Yuji Ohkubo. 2022. "Adhesive-Free Adhesion between Plasma-Treated Glass-Cloth-Containing Polytetrafluoroethylene (GC–PTFE) and Stainless Steel: Comparison between GC–PTFE and Pure PTFE" Polymers 14, no. 3: 394. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14030394