Predicting the Bending of 3D Printed Hyperelastic Polymer Components
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials and Preparation
2.2. Experiment
2.3. NinjaFlex® Material Model
2.4. Analytical Modeling Using Modified Euler–Bernoulli Equations
2.5. Finite Element Analysis Modeling
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Specimen ID | l (mm) | h (mm) | w (mm) | d (mm) | Number of Wall Lines |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 10.0 | 1.8 | 8 | 3.85 | 2 |
2 | 10 | 3.85 | 2 | ||
3 | 12 | 3.85 | 2 | ||
4 | 15.0 | 1.8 | 8 | 3.85 | 2 |
5 | 10 | 3.85 | 2 | ||
6 | 12 | 3.85 | 2 | ||
7 | 10.0 | 2.7 | 8 | 5.70 | 3 |
8 | 10 | 5.70 | 3 | ||
9 | 12 | 5.70 | 3 | ||
10 | 15.0 | 2.7 | 8 | 5.70 | 3 |
11 | 10 | 5.70 | 3 | ||
12 | 12 | 5.70 | 3 | ||
13 | 10.0 | 3.6 | 8 | 7.70 | 3 |
14 | 10 | 7.70 | 3 | ||
15 | 12 | 7.70 | 3 | ||
16 | 15.0 | 3.6 | 8 | 7.70 | 3 |
17 | 10 | 7.70 | 3 | ||
18 | 12 | 7.70 | 3 |
Specimen ID | Load Increment (g) | Maximum Applied Load (g) | Bracket Weight (g) | Center of Mass of the Right Bracket (mm) 1 | Location of External Weights 1 (mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1, 2, 3 | 5 | 50 | 3.88 | 9.3 | 17.86 |
4, 5, 6 | 5 | 25 | 3.88 | 9.3 | 17.86 |
7, 8, 9 | 10 | 70 | 3.70 | 9.5 | 17.21 |
10, 11, 12 | 10 | 60 | 3.70 | 9.5 | 17.21 |
13, 14, 15 | 20 | 120 | 3.41 | 10.4 | 16.87 |
16, 17, 18 | 20 | 100 | 3.41 | 10.4 | 16.87 |
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Source | Yield Strength, (MPa) | Ultimate Strength, (MPa) | Tensile Modulus, (MPa) | Elongation at Yield, (%) | Elongation at Break, (%) | Toughness, (m × N/m3 × 106) | Hardness, (Shore) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Manufacturer [15] | 4.00 | 26.00 | 12.00 | 65.00 | 660 | 82.70 | 85A |
Pitaru et al. [8] | 2.80 | - | 8.51 | 51.85 | - | - | - |
Mogan et al. [9] | - | 13.19 | - | - | - | - | 55.7D |
Holmes et al. [10] 1 | 0.16 | - | 1.50 | - | - | - | - |
Messimer et al. [11], 25% infill | - | 7.01 | 5.17 | - | 476 | - | - |
Messimer et al. [11], 50% infill | - | 8.61 | 5.19 | - | 487 | - | - |
Messimer et al. [11], 75% infill | - | 10.21 | 5.22 | - | 497 | - | - |
Messimer et al. [11], 100% infill | - | 11.81 | 5.24 | - | 508 | - | - |
Reppel and Weinberg [12] | - | 27.80 | 12.2 | - | 1200 | 133.40 | - |
Print Parameter | Value |
---|---|
Filament Diameter | 1.75 mm |
Infill Density | 100% |
Quality | Standard (0.32 mm layer height) |
Nozzle Temperature | 225 °C |
Bed Temperature | 60 °C |
Print Speed | 15 mm/s |
C10 | C01 | C11 | D1 |
---|---|---|---|
−80,337 | 2,348,300 | 30,693 | 0 |
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Gallup, L.; Trabia, M.; O’Toole, B.; Fahmy, Y. Predicting the Bending of 3D Printed Hyperelastic Polymer Components. Polymers 2023, 15, 368. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15020368
Gallup L, Trabia M, O’Toole B, Fahmy Y. Predicting the Bending of 3D Printed Hyperelastic Polymer Components. Polymers. 2023; 15(2):368. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15020368
Chicago/Turabian StyleGallup, Lucas, Mohamed Trabia, Brendan O’Toole, and Youssef Fahmy. 2023. "Predicting the Bending of 3D Printed Hyperelastic Polymer Components" Polymers 15, no. 2: 368. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15020368