This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Open AccessArticle
Properties of a Dental Adhesive Containing Graphene and DOPA-Modified Graphene
1
Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Operative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Limeira 901, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil
2
Department of Adhesive Bonding Technology and Surfaces, Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials (IFAM), Wiener Straße 12, 28359 Bremen, Germany
3
School of Dentistry, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Mota Ave, Maceió 57072-900, AL, Brazil
4
Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Goiás (IFG—Campus Uruaçu), Rua Formosa, Qd 28 e 29—Loteamento Santana, Uruaçu 76400-000, GO, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Polymers 2024, 16(14), 2081; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16142081 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 24 May 2024
/
Revised: 10 July 2024
/
Accepted: 11 July 2024
/
Published: 21 July 2024
Abstract
Graphene is a promising biomaterial. However, its dispersion in aqueous medium is challenging. This study aimed to modify graphene nanoparticles with L-dopa to improve the properties of experimental dental adhesives. Adhesives were formulated with 0% (control), 0.25%, 0.5%, and 0.75% of graphene, modified or not. Particle modification and dispersion were microscopically assessed. Degree of conversion was tested by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Flexural strength and modulus of elasticity were evaluated by a 3-point flexural test. Bond strength was tested by shear. To test water sorption/solubility, samples were weighed during hydration and dehydration. Antibacterial activity was tested by Streptococcus mutans colony-forming units quantification. Cytotoxicity on fibroblasts was evaluated through a dentin barrier test. The modification of graphene improved the particle dispersion. Control presented the highest degree of conversion, flexural strength, and bond strength. In degree of conversion, 0.25% of groups were similar to control. In bond strength, groups of graphene modified by L-dopa were similar to Control. The modulus of elasticity was similar between groups. Cytotoxicity and water sorption/solubility decreased as particles increased. Compared to graphene, less graphene modified by L-dopa was needed to promote antibacterial activity. By modifying graphene with L-dopa, the properties of graphene and, therefore, the adhesives incorporated by it were enhanced.
Share and Cite
MDPI and ACS Style
Pereira, R.; Lins, R.B.E.; Lima, E.F.d.S.; Mainardi, M.d.C.A.J.; Stamboroski, S.; Rischka, K.; Aguiar, F.H.B.
Properties of a Dental Adhesive Containing Graphene and DOPA-Modified Graphene. Polymers 2024, 16, 2081.
https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16142081
AMA Style
Pereira R, Lins RBE, Lima EFdS, Mainardi MdCAJ, Stamboroski S, Rischka K, Aguiar FHB.
Properties of a Dental Adhesive Containing Graphene and DOPA-Modified Graphene. Polymers. 2024; 16(14):2081.
https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16142081
Chicago/Turabian Style
Pereira, Renata, Rodrigo Barros Esteves Lins, Elton Faria de Souza Lima, Maria do Carmo Aguiar Jordão Mainardi, Stephani Stamboroski, Klaus Rischka, and Flávio Henrique Baggio Aguiar.
2024. "Properties of a Dental Adhesive Containing Graphene and DOPA-Modified Graphene" Polymers 16, no. 14: 2081.
https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16142081
Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details
here.
Article Metrics
Article Access Statistics
For more information on the journal statistics, click
here.
Multiple requests from the same IP address are counted as one view.