Recent Advances in Utilizing Lignocellulosic Biomass Materials as Adsorbents for Textile Dye Removal: A Comprehensive Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Lignocellulosic Biomass Material: Overview and Characterization
2. Dye Removal Methods
2.1. Biological Processes
2.2. Chemical Methods
2.3. Physical Methods
3. Dye Removal via Adsorption
3.1. Factors Affecting Adsorption
3.1.1. Dye Concentration
3.1.2. pH
3.1.3. Adsorbent Dosage
3.1.4. Adsorbent Size
3.1.5. Temperature
3.1.6. Miscellaneous Factors
3.2. Adsorption Isotherms
- Langmuir Isotherm
- Freundlich Isotherm
3.3. Adsorption Kinetics
3.4. Thermodynamics Study
3.5. Lignocellulosic Biomass Materials as Adsorbents
3.6. Desorption Studies
4. Challenges and Limitations
5. Future Scope and Considerations
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Adsorbent | Type of Dye | Conc. (mg/L) | Reaction Time (min) | Adsorption Capacity (mg/g) | Dye Removal (%) | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Algerian Palygorskite | (MB) | 3–30 | 5 | 2.5–10 | up to 97% | [85] |
Haloxylon Recurvum Plant | Acid Brown | 10–60 | 180 | 2.8–10 | -- | [82] |
Fava Bean Peels | (MB) | 3.6–100 | 70 | -- | 80–95 | [86] |
Fava Bean Peels | (MB) | 3.6–100 | 70 | -- | 70–90 | [86] |
Corn Silk | Reactive Blue 19 | 10–500 | 10–60 | 2–71 | -- | [87] |
Corn Silk | Reactive Red 128 | 10–500 | 10–60 | 2–63 | -- | [87] |
Spent Tea Leaves | Reactive Black 5 | 50–100 | 5–200 | 24.8–6.7 | 99–43 | [88] |
Citrus Limetta Peel | Malachite Green | 5–25 | 10–60 | 0.17–4.7 | 97–95 | [89] |
Mango Stone Biocomposite | Crystal Violet | 20–50 | 60 | 25–352 | -- | [90] |
Moringa Oleifera Seed | Reactive Red 120 | 10–100 | 30 | 18.5–174 | -- | [91] |
Olive Leaves Powder | Crystal Violet | 10–100 | 5–70 | 5–45 | -- | [92] |
Type of Dye | Adsorbent | Adsorbent Dosage | Adsorption Capacity (mg/g) | Dye Removal (%) | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(MB) | Walnut Shell | 0.5–2 g/L | 179–48 | -- | [99] |
(MB) | Alginate/Rice Husk Bio Composite | 0.1–1 g | 338–145 | 15–89 | [100] |
Congo Red | Raw Petroleum Coke | 4–24 g/L | -- | 10–60 | [101] |
Reactive Red 198 | Municipal Solid Waste Compost Ash | 0.5–2 g/L | -- | 79–93 | [102] |
Cationic blue 41 | Mucilage Of Salvia Seed | 0.5–4 g/L | 34.2–6.74 | 34.2–54 | [103] |
Remazol Brilliant Violet 5R | Eggshell | 0.5–2.5 g | 2.9–0.75 | 74.6–93.8 | [104] |
Remazol Brilliant Violet 5R | Calcined Eggshell | 0.5–2 g | 3.5–0.96 | 89.8–96.3 | [105] |
Type of Dye | Adsorbent | Adsorbent Size | Adsorption Capacity (mg/g) | Dye Removal (%) | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Congo Red | Cabbage Waste Powder | 150–300 to 360–4750 µm | -- | 76–8 | [108] |
Reactive Black 5 | Macadamia Seed Husks | 150–300 to 2360–4750 µm | -- | 99–33 | [109] |
Direct Yellow 12 | Coconut Shell Activated Carbon | 50, 75, 107 µm | 5.5–4.5–3.5 | -- | [107] |
Crystal Violet | Coffee Husks | 0.15–0.3 to 2.36–4.75 mm | -- | 96–90 | [110] |
(MB) | Biopolymer-Based Nanocomposite | 177–250 to 400–840 | -- | 99–86 | [111] |
Adsorbent | Type of Dye | Monolayer Adsorption Capacity (mg/g) | Source |
---|---|---|---|
Sugarcane Bagasse | (MB) | 1.83 | [44] |
Rice Husk | 40.6 | [132] | |
Brewers Spent Grain | 13 | [133] | |
Orange Albedo | 70.30 | [83] | |
Luffa Cylindrica | 49 | [42] | |
Walnut Shell Powder | 51.5 | [34] | |
Orange Albedo | 70.30 | [83] | |
Banana Peel Powder | Reactive Blue 5 | 49.2 | [134] |
Psyllium Seed Powder | Reactive Orange 16 | 206 | [135] |
Egg Shell | Direct Blue 78 | 13 | [47] |
Mango Leaf Powder | Acid Yellow 99 | 708 | [45] |
Mushroom Waste | Direct Red 5B, Direct Black 22, Direct Black 71, and Reactive Black 5 | 18, 15.4, 20.1, and 14.6 | [96] |
Oak Saw Dust | Acid Blue 25 | 29.5 | [136] |
Walnut Shell | Acid Blue 25 | 36.98 | [136] |
Fly Ash | Reactive Black 5, Reactive Red 23, and Reactive Blue 171 | 4.3, 2.1, and 1.8 | [137,138] |
Tea Waste | Acid Green 25 | 123.46 | [46] |
Cashew Nutshell | Acid Green 25 | 76.34 | [46] |
Rhizopus Arrhizal | Reactive Red 4, Reactive Blue 19, and Reactive Orange16 | 150, 90, and 190 | [139] |
Type of Dye | Adsorbent | Desorption Agents | Results of Desorption | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
Direct Orange 26, Direct Red 31, Direct Blue 67, Ever Direct Orange | Modified Rice Husk | H2O, NaOH, Na2CO3 | 62.8 mg/g, 80.5 mg/g, 53.7 mg/g, 75.3 mg/g After 10 cycles, adsorption capacity decreased by 17% | [140] |
Acid Violet 17 | Activated Pistachio Shell | NaCl, HCl, NaOH, CH3COOH | Desorption efficiency decreases from 94.6% (1st cycle) to 75.8% (3rd cycle) | [97] |
(MB) | Black And Green Olive Stones | Acetic acid and ethanol | Desorption efficiency for black olive stone (92.5%) and green olive stone (88.1%) | [95] |
(MB) | Modified Orange Tree Sawdust | DI water, NaCl | 16.5% (using water), 58.6% (using NaCl) | [141] |
Direct Blue 78 | Egg Shell | NaOH | Desorption efficiency increases from 21% (1st cycle) to ~58% (3rd cycle) | [47] |
Acid Yellow 99 | Mango Leaf Powder | NaOH, NaCl | 97% (using NaOH), 58.5% (using NaCl) | [45] |
Dioscorea Opposita Thunb. (DOT) | Indigo Carmine | NaOH | 93% desorption efficiency | [142] |
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Yadav, M.; Singh, N.; Annu; Khan, S.A.; Raorane, C.J.; Shin, D.K. Recent Advances in Utilizing Lignocellulosic Biomass Materials as Adsorbents for Textile Dye Removal: A Comprehensive Review. Polymers 2024, 16, 2417. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16172417
Yadav M, Singh N, Annu, Khan SA, Raorane CJ, Shin DK. Recent Advances in Utilizing Lignocellulosic Biomass Materials as Adsorbents for Textile Dye Removal: A Comprehensive Review. Polymers. 2024; 16(17):2417. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16172417
Chicago/Turabian StyleYadav, Manisha, Nagender Singh, Annu, Suhail Ayoub Khan, Chaitany Jayprakash Raorane, and Dong Kil Shin. 2024. "Recent Advances in Utilizing Lignocellulosic Biomass Materials as Adsorbents for Textile Dye Removal: A Comprehensive Review" Polymers 16, no. 17: 2417. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16172417