Injectable Hydrogel-Encapsulating Pickering Emulsion for Overcoming Lenvatinib-Resistant Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Cuproptosis Induction and Stemness Inhibition
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials, Cell Lines, and Mice
2.2. Preparation and Characterization of CuO NPs
2.3. Preparation and Characterization of DSF@CuO
2.4. Preparation and Characterization of DSF@CuO Gel
2.5. Rheological Characterization
2.6. Hemolysis Assay
2.7. Differential Gene Selection and Gene Enrichment Analysis
2.8. GSEA and GSVA Analysis
2.9. Cytotoxicity Evaluation and IC50
2.10. Inhibition of LenR HCC Cell Spheroid Formation Experiment
2.11. Cell Cloning Experiment
2.12. Transwell Experiment
2.13. Western Blot for Cell Protein Expression
2.14. In Vivo Treatment of LenR BALB/c Nude Mice Model
2.15. In Vivo Drug Retention Experiment
2.16. Evaluation of In Situ HCC Model Treatment Efficacy
2.17. Immunofluorescence Staining
2.18. In Vivo Biosafety Assessment in Mice
2.19. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Preparation and Characterization of Injectable Hydrogel
3.2. Cytotoxicity of DSF@CuO in LenR HCC
3.3. DSF@CuO Can Effectively Induce LenR HCC Cuproptosis
3.4. DSF@CuO Could Inhibit the Cell Stemness of LenR HCC
3.5. The Mechanism of DSF@CuO in Overcoming LenR HCC
3.6. DSF@CuO Gel Could Overcome LenR In Vivo
3.7. DSF@CuO Gel Could Overcome In Situ HCC Model
3.8. Biosafety Evaluation of DSF@CuO Gel
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Li, X.; Tang, C.; Ye, H.; Fang, C. Injectable Hydrogel-Encapsulating Pickering Emulsion for Overcoming Lenvatinib-Resistant Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Cuproptosis Induction and Stemness Inhibition. Polymers 2024, 16, 2418. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16172418
Li X, Tang C, Ye H, Fang C. Injectable Hydrogel-Encapsulating Pickering Emulsion for Overcoming Lenvatinib-Resistant Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Cuproptosis Induction and Stemness Inhibition. Polymers. 2024; 16(17):2418. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16172418
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Xin, Chuanyu Tang, Hanjie Ye, and Chihua Fang. 2024. "Injectable Hydrogel-Encapsulating Pickering Emulsion for Overcoming Lenvatinib-Resistant Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Cuproptosis Induction and Stemness Inhibition" Polymers 16, no. 17: 2418. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16172418