The Changes in the Inner-Structure and Mechanical Strength of the Composite Cement Materials and Silica-Carbon Nanotube-Nylon 66 Electrospun Nanofibers
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experiments
2.1. Polymer Solution
2.2. Electrospinning Process, Nanofiber Blended Cement Composite
2.3. Testing Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Mechanical Strength
3.2. Morphology and Microstructure of Nanofibers
3.3. Inner-Structure of Hardened Cement Pastes
3.4. EDS Analysis
3.5. XRD Analysis
3.6. Thermal Analysis
4. Conclusions
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- There are increases of 38% and 69% in compressive strength and toughness, respectively, and an increase of 62% in tensile strength when incorporating the proposed nanofibers into the cementitious materials.
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- The bead-on-string morphology of the hybrid nanofiber with the attached silica particles and the existence of CNTs inside the nanofiber are observed.
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- The bridging and filling effect has been found by electron microscope analysis. The increase of CSH, thanks to the extra pozzolanic reaction, and the compacted structure of the modified cement matrix have been estimated through the EDS, XRD, and TGA analyses, explaining the mechanism of improvement in the strength of the composite cement-nanofiber materials.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Linear Formula | Molecular Weight (g/mol) | Abrasion Resistance (mg) | Autoignition Temp (°C) | Hardness | mp (°C (lit.)) | Tm (°C) | Density at 25 °C (g/mL) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[-CO(CH2)4CONH(CH2)6NH-]n | 262.35 | 7 | 400 | 121 | 250–260 | 270 | 1.14 |
Properties | SiO2 (%) | H2O (%) | LOI (%) | Coarse Particles > 45 μm (%) | Bulk Density (kg/m3) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Value | <90 | <1.0 | <3.0 | <1.5 | 200–350 |
Properties | Purity (%) | Outer Diameter (nm) | Length (μm) |
---|---|---|---|
Value | 93–97 | 9–10 | 10–30 |
Properties | Voltage (kV) | Syringe (mL) | Needle’s Inner Diameter (mm) | Needle’s Outer Diameter (mm) | Needle Collector Distance (mm) | Pump Speed (μL/min) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Value | 12 | 12 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 30 | 30 |
CaO | 61.33 |
Al2O3 | 6.40 |
SiO2 | 21.01 |
SO3 | 2.30 |
MgO | 3.02 |
Fe2O3 | 3.12 |
Ig. loss | 1.40 |
Specific surface area (cm2/g) | 2800 |
Compressive strength, 28-day (MPa) | 36 |
Control Paste | NS-CNT-N66 NFs MCP | |
---|---|---|
Compressive strength (MPa) | 36.92 (1.1995) | 50.91 (2.477) |
Toughness (J/m3) | 68,608.5 | 116,006 |
Tensile strength (MPa) | 1.18 (0.0753) | 1.92 (0.1602) |
Control Paste | NS-CNT-N66 NFs MCP | |
---|---|---|
Ca | 12.65 | 12.31 |
Si | 3.17 | 5.69 |
Temperature Range (°C) | Phase Detection | Explanation |
---|---|---|
250 °C to 270 °C | Silica | The evaporation of the adsorbed water from the nanosilica surface [38] |
310 °C to 480 °C | Nylon 66 | [22,23] |
435 °C to 525 °C | CNT | [22] |
Temperature Range (°C) | Phase Detection | Explanation |
---|---|---|
<145 °C | Arbitrary water | The evaporation of arbitrary water inside the matrix when conducting the thermal analysis under nitrogen and free carbon dioxide conditions [32] |
145 °C to 200 °C | CSH | The dehydration of CSH [32,39,40,41] |
400 °C to 500 °C | CH | The dehydration of CH [32,39,40,41] |
550 °C to 900 °C | CaCO3 | The decarbonation of calcite [32,39,40,41] |
Temp (°C) | Control Paste | NS-CNT-N66 NFs MCP |
---|---|---|
145~200 | 3.36 | 4.19 |
400~500 | 4.07 | 3.72 |
550~900 | 6.14 | 5.71 |
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Nguyen, T.N.M.; Nguyen, H.Q.; Kim, J.J. The Changes in the Inner-Structure and Mechanical Strength of the Composite Cement Materials and Silica-Carbon Nanotube-Nylon 66 Electrospun Nanofibers. Polymers 2024, 16, 2475. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16172475
Nguyen TNM, Nguyen HQ, Kim JJ. The Changes in the Inner-Structure and Mechanical Strength of the Composite Cement Materials and Silica-Carbon Nanotube-Nylon 66 Electrospun Nanofibers. Polymers. 2024; 16(17):2475. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16172475
Chicago/Turabian StyleNguyen, Tri N. M., Huy Q. Nguyen, and Jung J. Kim. 2024. "The Changes in the Inner-Structure and Mechanical Strength of the Composite Cement Materials and Silica-Carbon Nanotube-Nylon 66 Electrospun Nanofibers" Polymers 16, no. 17: 2475. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16172475