Use of Recycled Additive Materials to Promote Efficient Use of Resources While Acting as an Effective Toughness Modifier of Wood–Polymer Composites
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Processing
2.2.1. PP-rT Masterbatch
2.2.2. Manufacturing of the Modified WPCs
2.3. Characterizations
2.3.1. Microstructure of Raw Materials
2.3.2. Microstructure of Composites
2.3.3. Falling Weight Impact Testing and Fracture Toughness
2.3.4. Mechanical Testing
2.3.5. Eco-Audit Analysis Tool
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Microstructural Analysis of the Composites
3.2. Impact Strength and Fracture Toughness
3.3. Tensile Properties
3.4. Eco-Audit Analysis
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Material Codes | Polymer (wt%) | WF (wt%) | Impact Modifier (wt%) | Processing Aids (wt%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
WPC40 | 60 | 40 | - | - |
PP-rT | 57.5 | - | 40 | 2.5 |
WPC-rT | 60 | 30 | 10 | - |
WPC-rE | 60 | 30 | 10 | - |
WPC-E | 60 | 30 | 10 | - |
WPCs | KIC (MPa m1/2) | GIC (kJ m−2) | Toughness (MJ m−3) |
---|---|---|---|
WPC-rT | 1.44 ± 0.08 A | 0.48 ± 0.1 A | 1.1 ± 0.1 A |
WPC-rE | 1.13 ± 0.10 B | 0.45 ± 0.1 A | 1.1 ± 0.2 A |
WPC-E | 1.44 ± 0.09 A | 0.73 ± 0.1 B | 1.0 ± 0.1 A |
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Völtz, L.R.; Berglund, L.; Oksman, K. Use of Recycled Additive Materials to Promote Efficient Use of Resources While Acting as an Effective Toughness Modifier of Wood–Polymer Composites. Polymers 2024, 16, 2549. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16182549
Völtz LR, Berglund L, Oksman K. Use of Recycled Additive Materials to Promote Efficient Use of Resources While Acting as an Effective Toughness Modifier of Wood–Polymer Composites. Polymers. 2024; 16(18):2549. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16182549
Chicago/Turabian StyleVöltz, Luísa Rosenstock, Linn Berglund, and Kristiina Oksman. 2024. "Use of Recycled Additive Materials to Promote Efficient Use of Resources While Acting as an Effective Toughness Modifier of Wood–Polymer Composites" Polymers 16, no. 18: 2549. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16182549