Comparison of the Yield and Chemical Composition of Eleven Timothy (Phleum pratense L.) Genotypes under Three Locations in Poland
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Field
2.2. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Weather Conditions
3.2. Yield Assessment
3.3. Quality Analysis
3.4. Correlations between Observed Traits
3.5. Multivariate Relationships
4. Discussion
5. Future Breeding Strategies
6. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Description | Nieznanice | Polanowice | Palikije |
---|---|---|---|
Soil type | brown | degraded chernozem derived from loess | brown |
Complex agricultural soil suitability | rye, good | wheat, very good | wheat, good |
Class of soil valuation | IIIb | I | IIIa |
soil pH in KCl | 6.0 | 7.2 | 6.5 |
Trait | Cut | Dry Matter Yield | Crude Protein | Crude Fiber | Phosphorus | Potassium | Calcium | Magnesium |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Crude protein | I | −0.29 * | ||||||
II | 0.28 * | |||||||
III | −0.51 *** | |||||||
Crude fiber | I | 0.02 | −0.44 *** | |||||
II | 0.62 *** | 0.40 *** | ||||||
III | 0.14 | −0.06 | ||||||
Phosphorus | I | 0.27 * | −0.44 *** | 0.16 | ||||
II | −0.39 ** | −0.61 *** | −0.33 ** | |||||
III | 0.15 | −0.57 *** | 0.01 | |||||
Potassium | I | −0.09 | −0.22 | 0.07 | −0.05 | |||
II | −0.18 | −0.22 | −0.10 | 0.14 | ||||
III | 0.13 | −0.05 | −0.41 *** | 0.13 | ||||
Calcium | I | 0.28 * | −0.19 | 0.03 | 0.34 ** | −0.34 ** | ||
II | 0.15 | −0.19 | 0.18 | −0.04 | −0.22 | |||
III | 0.33 ** | −0.34 ** | 0.06 | 0.07 | −0.31 * | |||
Magnesium | I | 0.41 *** | −0.14 | −0.01 | 0.16 | −0.16 | 0.71 *** | |
II | −0.05 | −0.23 | −0.04 | 0.20 | −0.09 | 0.68 *** | ||
III | 0.20 | −0.36 ** | −0.03 | 0.17 | −0.15 | 0.77 *** | ||
Sodium | I | 0.23 | −0.75 *** | 0.48 *** | 0.53 *** | 0.26 * | 0.29 * | 0.29 * |
II | 0.21 | −0.41 *** | 0.38 ** | 0.48 *** | 0.22 | 0.24 | 0.10 | |
III | 0.48 *** | −0.46 *** | 0.34 ** | 0.62 *** | 0.00 | 0.24 | 0.12 |
Cut | I | II | III | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Trait | V1 | V2 | V1 | V2 | V1 | V2 |
Dry matter yield | 0.014 | 0.781 ** | 0.224 | 0.079 | −0.08 | −0.359 |
Crude protein | −0.576 | −0.028 | 0.434 | 0.055 | −0.524 | 0.202 |
Crude fiber | 0.091 | 0.146 | −0.006 | −0.302 | 0.923 *** | 0.222 |
Phosphorus | 0.472 | 0.694 * | 0.112 | 0.484 | 0.043 | 0.075 |
Potassium | 0.102 | −0.837 ** | −0.319 | −0.765 ** | −0.491 | 0.294 |
Calcium | −0.685 * | 0.623 * | 0.685 * | 0.336 | −0.029 | −0.816 ** |
Magnesium | −0.901 *** | 0.337 | 0.980 *** | −0.067 | 0.134 | −0.974 *** |
Sodium | −0.712 * | −0.48 | −0.249 | −0.468 | −0.363 | 0.169 |
Percentage of elucidated multivariate variability | 46.63 | 31.23 | 53.44 | 21.89 | 37.89 | 34.26 |
Genotype | Cut | POB-TT1 | POB-TT2 | POB-TT3 | POB-T-100 | POB-T-107 | Skald | Egida | Emma | Skala | Skaut |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
POB-TT2 | I | 0.604 | |||||||||
II | 1.121 | ||||||||||
III | 1.902 | ||||||||||
POB-TT3 | I | 1.558 | 1.683 | ||||||||
II | 1.749 | 1.451 | |||||||||
III | 1.827 | 2.052 | |||||||||
POB-T-100 | I | 1.958 | 1.677 | 2.246 | |||||||
II | 2.452 | 1.845 | 1.791 | ||||||||
III | 2.918 | 1.696 | 2.733 | ||||||||
POB-T-107 | I | 1.831 | 1.62 | 1.355 | 2.023 | ||||||
II | 3.038 | 2.403 | 1.622 | 2.783 | |||||||
III | 3.522 | 2.419 | 2.475 | 3.099 | |||||||
Skald | I | 3.122 | 3.214 | 2.464 | 3.605 | 2.244 | |||||
II | 3.443 | 3.058 | 2.064 | 3.26 | 1.739 | ||||||
III | 3.225 | 3.265 | 2.132 | 3.645 | 2.288 | ||||||
Egida | I | 1.596 | 1.717 | 1.1 | 2.613 | 1.901 | 2.606 | ||||
II | 1.874 | 1.984 | 1.804 | 2.414 | 3.059 | 2.533 | |||||
III | 3.03 | 2.329 | 3.337 | 2.132 | 3.493 | 3.601 | |||||
Emma | I | 3.508 | 3.613 | 2.831 | 4.288 | 2.636 | 1.564 | 2.902 | |||
II | 2.682 | 2.388 | 1.859 | 2.554 | 2.301 | 2.447 | 2.349 | ||||
III | 3.138 | 3.916 | 2.32 | 4.661 | 3.805 | 3.119 | 4.996 | ||||
Skala | I | 1.225 | 1.652 | 2.237 | 2.624 | 2.592 | 3.04 | 2.13 | 3.6 | ||
II | 1.558 | 1.761 | 2.595 | 2.369 | 3.889 | 4.049 | 1.965 | 3.416 | |||
III | 1.689 | 3.076 | 2.776 | 4.319 | 4.505 | 4.365 | 4.508 | 3.371 | |||
Skaut | I | 2.178 | 2.155 | 3.236 | 3.587 | 3.002 | 3.896 | 2.985 | 4.079 | 2.23 | |
II | 2.37 | 2.491 | 3.157 | 3.746 | 3.91 | 3.868 | 2.467 | 4.01 | 2.167 | ||
III | 2.414 | 2.929 | 3.511 | 4.337 | 3.867 | 4.067 | 3.897 | 4.51 | 2.588 | ||
Karta | I | 1.988 | 2.236 | 2.749 | 3.546 | 2.863 | 3.109 | 2.298 | 3.138 | 1.681 | 1.664 |
II | 1.433 | 1.634 | 2.377 | 3.069 | 3.333 | 3.403 | 1.888 | 3.193 | 1.825 | 1.335 | |
III | 1.8 | 1.756 | 2.869 | 3.016 | 3.172 | 3.485 | 2.665 | 4.288 | 2.871 | 1.62 |
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Radkowski, A.; Bocianowski, J.; Nowosad, K.; Piwowarczyk, E.; Bakinowska, E.; Radkowska, I.; Wolski, K. Comparison of the Yield and Chemical Composition of Eleven Timothy (Phleum pratense L.) Genotypes under Three Locations in Poland. Agronomy 2020, 10, 1743. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10111743
Radkowski A, Bocianowski J, Nowosad K, Piwowarczyk E, Bakinowska E, Radkowska I, Wolski K. Comparison of the Yield and Chemical Composition of Eleven Timothy (Phleum pratense L.) Genotypes under Three Locations in Poland. Agronomy. 2020; 10(11):1743. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10111743
Chicago/Turabian StyleRadkowski, Adam, Jan Bocianowski, Kamila Nowosad, Elżbieta Piwowarczyk, Ewa Bakinowska, Iwona Radkowska, and Karol Wolski. 2020. "Comparison of the Yield and Chemical Composition of Eleven Timothy (Phleum pratense L.) Genotypes under Three Locations in Poland" Agronomy 10, no. 11: 1743. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10111743