A Little Helper: Beneficial Bacteria with Growth-Promoting Mechanisms Can Reduce Asian Soybean Rust Severity in a Cell-Free Formulation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Obtaining and Cultivation of Microorganisms and Biosurfactants
2.2. Confirming Direct Growth Promotion Mechanisms
2.2.1. Production of Siderophores
- 0.06 g of Chromium azurol S (CAS) in sterile distilled water (QSP 50 mL).
- 0.0027 g of FeCl3.H2O in 10 mM HCl solution (QSP 10 mL).
- 0.073 g of Cetrimonium bromide in sterile distilled water (QSP 50 mL).
- Casamino acid solution was obtained by dissolving 3 g casamino acid in 27 mL of distilled water and 3 mL of a 3% v/v hydroxyquinolone-chloroform solution.
2.2.2. Auxin Production
2.2.3. Phosphate Solubilization
2.3. Inhibition of Uredospore Germination
2.4. Assessment of the Severity of Asian Rust
2.5. Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes during Pathogenesis
3. Results
3.1. Assessment of Direct Growth-Promotion Mechanisms
3.2. Inhibition of Uredospore Germination
3.3. Assessment of the Severity of Asian Rust and Antioxidant Pattern during Pathogenesis
4. Discussion
4.1. Direct Growth Promotion Mechanisms
4.2. Inhibition of Uredospore Germination
4.3. Assessment of the Severity of Asian Rust and Antioxidant Pattern during Pathogenesis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Codes | Species |
---|---|
UFV-LPP155 | Bacillus subtilis |
CCMA-1347 | Bacillus subtilis |
CCMA-1233 | Bacillus licheniformis |
CCMA-0106 | Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
Codes | Microorganisms | Composition |
---|---|---|
T1 | Serenade (Positive control) | Fungicide |
T2 | Control | DW |
T3 | UFV LPP B155 | C |
T4 | UFV LPP B155 | BS |
T5 | UFV LPP B155 | BS + C |
T6 | CCMA-1347 | C |
T7 | CCMA-1347 | BS + C |
T8 | CCMA-1347 | BS |
T9 | CCMA-1233 | C |
T10 | CCMA-1233 | BS + C |
T11 | CCMA-1233 | BS |
T12 | CCMA-0106 | C |
T13 | CCMA-0106 | BS + C |
T14 | CCMA-0106 | BS |
Microorganism | P Solubilization (SI) | AIA (µg/mL) | Siderophores | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D1 | D6 | D9 | D12 | |||
UFV LPP B155 | 3.8 a | 4.1 a | 5.0 a | 5.0 a | 3.28 d | + |
CCMA-1347 | 1.5 b | 2.0 b | 2.0 b | 2.0 b | 4.55 c | + |
CCMA-1233 | 1.2 b | 1.8 b | 2.0 b | 2.5 b | 2.38 d | − |
CCMA-0106 | 1.8 b | 2.2 b | 2.6 b | 2.6 b | 9.76 a | + |
Ab-V5 * | Ø | Ø | Ø | Ø | 6.82 b | Ø |
Codes | Germination |
---|---|
Serenade (Positive control) | Absent |
DW (Negative control) | Total |
UFV LPP B155—C | Total |
UFV LPP B155—BS | Absent |
UFV LPP B155—BS + C | Absent |
CCMA-1347—C | Partial |
CCMA-1347—BS + C | Absent |
CCMA-1347—BS | Absent |
CCMA-1233—C | Total |
CCMA-1233—BS + C | Absent |
CCMA-1233—BS | Absent |
CCMA-0106—C | Total |
CCMA-0106—BS + C | Absent |
CCMA-0106—BS | Absent |
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Buttrós, V.H.; Araújo, N.A.F.; D’Ávila, V.d.A.; Pereira, M.M.A.; Melo, D.d.S.; Pasqual, M.; Dória, J. A Little Helper: Beneficial Bacteria with Growth-Promoting Mechanisms Can Reduce Asian Soybean Rust Severity in a Cell-Free Formulation. Agronomy 2022, 12, 2635. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12112635
Buttrós VH, Araújo NAF, D’Ávila VdA, Pereira MMA, Melo DdS, Pasqual M, Dória J. A Little Helper: Beneficial Bacteria with Growth-Promoting Mechanisms Can Reduce Asian Soybean Rust Severity in a Cell-Free Formulation. Agronomy. 2022; 12(11):2635. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12112635
Chicago/Turabian StyleButtrós, Victor Hugo, Neílton Antônio Fiusa Araújo, Vinícius de Abreu D’Ávila, Maysa Mathias Alves Pereira, Dirceu de Sousa Melo, Moacir Pasqual, and Joyce Dória. 2022. "A Little Helper: Beneficial Bacteria with Growth-Promoting Mechanisms Can Reduce Asian Soybean Rust Severity in a Cell-Free Formulation" Agronomy 12, no. 11: 2635. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12112635