Effect of Poultry Litter Application Method and Rainfall and Delayed Wrapping on Warm-Season Grass Baleage
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Description of Field Site and Experimental Layout
2.2. Site Preparation and Application of Treatments
2.3. Harvest
2.4. Laboratory Procedures
2.5. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Pre-Ensiled Bale Characteristics and Nutritive Value
3.2. Post-Ensiled Nutritive Value and Changes in Forage Chemical Components
3.3. Post-Ensiled Nutritive Value
4. Discussion
4.1. Pre-Ensiled Bale Characteristics and Nutritive Value
4.2. Post-Ensiled Nutritive Value and Changes in Forage Chemical Components
4.3. Fermentation Parameters
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatment | DM 1 | Wet Weight | Dry Weight | Bale Height | Volume | Density |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
g/kg | kg | kg | m | m3 | kg DM/m3 | |
Application | ||||||
SUB | 318 | 871 | 278 | 1.41 | 1.86 | 150.0 |
SURF | 325 | 894 | 289 | 1.42 | 1.88 | 153.3 |
SEM | 16.8 | 28.5 | 11.6 | 0.012 | 0.032 | 6.44 |
p-value | 0.71 | 0.55 | 0.30 | 0.64 | 0.64 | 0.60 |
Post-baling treatment | ||||||
NR | 330 | 862 | 284 | 1.41 | 1.86 | 152.3 |
RDW | 313 | 904 | 283 | 1.41 | 1.88 | 150.9 |
SEM 2 | 16.3 | 27.4 | 11.4 | 0.012 | 0.031 | 6.29 |
p-value | 0.38 | 0.28 | 0.88 | 0.72 | 0.75 | 0.82 |
Treatment | pH | Starch | WSC 1 | CP | NDF | ADF | Hemicellulose | NDICP | ADICP | Ca | P | Mg | K | S |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
g/kg | g/kg CP | g/kg | ||||||||||||
Application | ||||||||||||||
SUB | 6.4 | 18.2 | 57.6 | 133 | 653 | 343 | 311.2 | 86.8 | 42.0 | 3.0 | 2.5 | 1.3 | 29.9 | 2.3 |
SURF | 6.5 | 18.8 | 57.2 | 124 | 683 | 351 | 332.5 | 81.4 | 44.8 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 1.3 | 28.2 | 2.4 |
SEM 2 | 0.16 | 0.68 | 2.18 | 0.2 | 6.1 | 3.8 | 6.23 | 2.12 | 5.30 | 0.09 | 0.12 | 0.09 | 1.77 | 0.15 |
p-value | 0.49 | 0.56 | 0.87 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.10 | <0.01 | 0.07 | 0.63 | 0.22 | 0.16 | 0.95 | 0.33 | 0.44 |
Post-baling treatment | ||||||||||||||
NR | 6.59 | 21.4 | 64.5 | 127 | 664 | 341 | 322.9 | 86.5 | 41.2 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 1.3 | 29.9 | 2.3 |
RDW | 6.25 | 15.6 | 50.3 | 131 | 672 | 352 | 320.8 | 81.6 | 45.7 | 2.9 | 2.5 | 1.2 | 28.1 | 2.3 |
SEM | 0.16 | 0.65 | 2.10 | 2.3 | 5.9 | 3.7 | 6.09 | 2.00 | 5.15 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.08 | 1.73 | 0.15 |
p-value | 0.03 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.08 | 0.27 | 0.02 | 0.72 | 0.09 | 0.43 | 0.62 | 0.02 | 0.55 | 0.30 | 0.76 |
Treatment | pH | Starch | WSC 1 | CP | NDF | ADF | Hemicellulose | NDICP | ADICP |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
g/kg | g/kg CP | ||||||||
Application | |||||||||
SUB | 4.4 | 8.6 | 15.3 | 138 | 619 | 351 | 266.1 | 55.8 | 35.1 |
SURF | 4.5 | 9.4 | 16.1 | 129 | 639 | 354 | 283.9 | 56.2 | 38.5 |
SEM 2 | 0.04 | 0.88 | 3.90 | 2.0 | 3.86 | 4.9 | 3.52 | 3.11 | 2.50 |
p-value | 0.16 | 0.34 | 0.82 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.43 | <0.01 | 0.89 | 0.31 |
Post-baling treatment | |||||||||
NR | 4.4 | 10.4 | 17.8 | 134 | 619 | 348 | 268.9 | 54.6 | 38.7 |
RDW | 4.4 | 7.6 | 13.6 | 133 | 639 | 356 | 280.9 | 57.4 | 34.9 |
SEM | 0.04 | 0.86 | 2.1 | 1.9 | 3.7 | 4.9 | 3.39 | 3.05 | 2.41 |
p-value | 0.89 | <0.01 | 0.21 | 0.77 | <0.01 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.29 | 0.06 |
Treatment | pH | Starch | WSC 1 | CP | NDF | ADF | Hemicellose | NDICP | ADICP |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
g/kg | g/kg CP | ||||||||
Application | |||||||||
SUB | −1.98 * | −8.7 * | −40.4 * | 0.3 | −25.9 * | 11.0 * | −36.9 * | −31.6 * | −7.1 |
SURF | −1.97 * | −10.2 * | −44.8 * | 8.1 * | −50.4 * | 3.1 | −53.5 * | −25.8 * | −6.7 |
SEM 2 | 0.156 | 1.23 | 3.16 | 3.63 | 10.20 | 4.54 | 8.00 | 2.75 | 5.92 |
p-value | 0.96 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.21 | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.96 |
Post-baling treatment | |||||||||
NR | −2.12 * | −11.9 * | −48.3 * | 2.8 | −27.4 * | 13.0 * | −40.4 * | −32.4 * | −2.3 |
RDW | −1.83 * | −7.0 * | −36.9 * | 5.6 | −48.8 * | 1.1 | −50.0 * | −25.0 * | −11.6 |
SEM | 0.152 | 1.19 | 3.04 | 3.54 | 9.83 | 4.36 | 7.69 | 2.65 | 5.72 |
p-value | 0.07 | <0.01 | 0.02 | 0.46 | 0.133 | 0.07 | 0.38 | 0.06 | 0.2 |
Treatment | DM 1 | Ammonia-N | Lactic Acid | Acetic Acid | Butyric Acid | Propionic Acid | Ethanol | Total Acids | Total Alcohols |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Application | g/kg | g/kg CP | g/kg | ||||||
SUB | 276 | 21.6 | 40.2 | 10.3 | 1.6 | 4.2 | 5.5 | 58.0 | 8.9 |
SURF | 291 | 17.5 | 30.0 | 6.9 | 5.9 | 3.1 | 7.3 | 47.1 | 10.3 |
SEM 2 | 11.6 | 1.30 | 2.21 | 0.76 | 1.80 | 0.45 | 0.41 | 3.46 | 0.50 |
p-value | 0.33 | 0.03 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.09 | 0.07 | <0.01 | 0.03 | 0.05 |
Post-baling treatment | |||||||||
NR | 292 | 19.5 | 34.0 | 7.6 | 2.2 | 4.5 | 6.9 | 50.0 | 10.1 |
RWD | 275 | 19.7 | 36.3 | 9.7 | 5.2 | 2.7 | 6.0 | 55.2 | 9.2 |
SEM | 11.2 | 1.25 | 2.13 | 0.74 | 1.78 | 0.44 | 0.39 | 3.33 | 0.48 |
p-value | 0.28 | 0.92 | 0.40 | 0.06 | 0.21 | <0.01 | 0.13 | 0.27 | 0.18 |
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Nieman, C.C.; Coblentz, W.K.; Moore, P.A., Jr.; Akins, M.S. Effect of Poultry Litter Application Method and Rainfall and Delayed Wrapping on Warm-Season Grass Baleage. Agronomy 2023, 13, 1896. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13071896
Nieman CC, Coblentz WK, Moore PA Jr., Akins MS. Effect of Poultry Litter Application Method and Rainfall and Delayed Wrapping on Warm-Season Grass Baleage. Agronomy. 2023; 13(7):1896. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13071896
Chicago/Turabian StyleNieman, Christine C., Wayne K. Coblentz, Philip A. Moore, Jr., and Matthew S. Akins. 2023. "Effect of Poultry Litter Application Method and Rainfall and Delayed Wrapping on Warm-Season Grass Baleage" Agronomy 13, no. 7: 1896. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13071896