The Seed–Seedling Transition in Commercial Soybean Cultivars with the Presence of Greenish Seeds in the Sample: A Perspective from Classical Genetic Parameters
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Seed Production and Sample Processing
2.2. Seed–Seedling Transition
2.2.1. Seed Germination
2.2.2. Phenotyping of Seedlings
2.2.3. Seedling Growth
2.3. Hierarchical Model or Nested Analysis
2.4. Genetic Parameters Associated with Seed–Seedling Transition Characterization
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Seed Production and Maternal Environment
3.2. Seed–Seedling Transition and Classical Genetic Parameters
3.3. Relationship between the Seed–Seedling Transition Measurements
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
6. Patents
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Statistics | Characters | |||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
tf (h) | tl (h) | T50 (h) | G (%) | CVt (%) | U (bit) | Z | Rate (Embryo Protrusion h−1) | (h−1) | ||||||||||||||
ANOVA Assumptions | W (P) | 0.84 (0.01) | 0.97 (0.16) | 0.88 (0.01) | 0.94 (0.01) | 0.86 (0.01) | 0.98 (0.45) | 0.97 (0.16) | 0.87 (0.01) | 0.97 (0.16) | 0.97 (0.08) | |||||||||||
1F (P) | 2.50 (0.01) | 3.37 (0.05) | 5.50 (0.01) | 3.83 (0.01) | 6.30 (0.01) | 2.20 (0.02) | 5.10 (0.01) | 6.32 (0.01) | 3.42 (0.01) | 4.34 (0.01) | ||||||||||||
Model | Source of Variation | DF | MS | 2F | MS | 2F | MS | 2F | MS | 2F | MS | 2F | MS | 2F | MS | 2F | MS | 2F | MS | 2F | MS | 2F |
Nested (Hierarchical) ANOVA | Genotype | 8 | 654.00 | 4.16 | 689.37 | 14.27 | 1404.67 | 5.85 | 438.12 | 4.61 | 800.96 | 6.90 | 27.82 | 1.05 | 0.14 | 1.49 | 0.004 | 1.21 ns | 800.96 | 6.90 | 2.0 × 10−5 | 10.90 |
Greenish seeds (Genotype) | 9 | 794.67 | 5.05 ** | 511.62 | 10.59 ** | 944.00 | 3.93 ** | 294.95 | 2.82 ** | 1434.96 | 12.35 ** | 88.15 | 3.32 ** | 0.26 | 2.81 ** | 0.010 | 1.72 ns | 1434.96 | 12.35 ** | 1.2 × 10−5 | 6.53 ** | |
Error | 54 | 157.33 | 98.31 | 240.00 | 104.71 | 116.15 | 26.57 | 0.09 | 0.0036 | 116.15 | 1.8 × 10−5 | |||||||||||
CV (%) | 29.40 | 8.93 | 13.46 | 14.91 | 13.46 | 19.17 | 12.85 | 33.15 | 13.46 | 10.14 | ||||||||||||
Genetic Parameters | h2 = | 0.76 | 0.93 | 0.83 | 0.96 | 0.86 | 0.05 | 0.33 | 0.17 | 0.86 | 0.91 | |||||||||||
CVg (%) = | 21.32 | 13.27 | 12.10 | 23.50 | 13.34 | 1.69 | 3.67 | 6.15 | 13.34 | 13.02 | ||||||||||||
CVg/CVe = | 0.72 | 1.48 | 0.90 | 2.04 | 0.99 | 0.09 | 0.28 | 0.19 | 0.99 | 1.28 | ||||||||||||
r (%) = | 34.48 | 68.86 | 44.72 | 80.72 | 49.56 | 0.78, | 7.53 | 3.33 | 49.56 | 62.27 |
Statistics | Characters | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ANOVA Assumptions | NS (%) | AS (%) | SD (%) | VS (%) | ||||||
W (P) | 0.88 (0.01) | 0.92 (0.02) | 0.80 (0.01) | 0.91 (0.02) | ||||||
1F (P) | 6.65 (0.01) | 3.36 (0.01) | 9.48 (0.00) | 5.37 (0.01) | ||||||
Model | Source of Variation | DF | MS | 2F | MS | 2F | MS | 2F | MS | 2F |
Nested (Hierarchical) ANOVA | Genotype | 8 | 2446.04 | 6.16 | 805.73 | 8.53 ** | 695.16 | 3.08 | 2452.50 | 6.93 |
Greenish seeds (Genotype) | 9 | 11,233.04 | 3.11 ** | 118.68 | 1.26 ns | 804.82 | 3.57 ** | 865.02 | 2.44 ** | |
Error | 54 | 397.06 | 94.42 | 225.71 | 354.11 | |||||
CV (%) | 30.03 | 52.22 | 99.97 | 31.98 | ||||||
Genetic Parameters | h2 = | 0.93 | 0.98 | 0.98 | 0.96 | |||||
CVg (%) = | 13.67 | 35.05 | 37.82 | 14.22 | ||||||
CVg/CVe = | 1.26 | 2.73 | 2.31 | 1.82 | ||||||
r (%) = | 61.48 | 88.18 | 84.26 | 76.86 |
Statistics | Characters | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ANOVA Assumptions | RS (cm) | ShS (cm) | SS (cm) | RDrM (mg) | ShDrM (mg) | SDrM (mg) | ShS/RS | ShDrM/RDrM | ||||||||||
W (P) | 0.80 (0.01) | 0.86 (0.02) | 0.75 (0.01) | 0.82 (0.01) | 0.98 (0.62) | 0.97 (0.11) | 0.90 (0.01) | 0.94 (0.01) | ||||||||||
1F (P) | 7.00 (0.02) | 6.08 (0.01) | 5.74 (0.01) | 1.37 (0.26) | 3.76 (0.02) | 3.91 (0.01) | 3.99 (0.01) | 2.90 (0.04) | ||||||||||
Model | Source of Variation | DF | MS | 2F | MS | 2F | MS | 2F | MS | 2F | MS | 2F | MS | 2F | MS | 2F | MS | 2F |
Nested (Hierarchical) ANOVA | Genotype | 8 | 153.58 | 1.18 ns | 53.17 | 4.28 ** | 132.58 | 2.11 ns | 2034.32 | 1.49 | 28,339.6 | 3.77 ** | 29,653.87 | 2.43 * | 0.29 | 3.56 * | 7.81 | 5.35 ** |
Greenish seeds (Genotype) | 9 | 44.42 | 2.06 ns | 11.61 | 0.93 ns | 94.43 | 1.50 ns | 551.3 | 2.64 ** | 8763.30 | 1.17 ns | 23,026.20 | 1.89 ns | 0.04 | 1.61 ns | 2.35 | 1.61 ns | |
Error | 54 | 12.43 | 12.43 | 62.94 | 1361.45 | 7471.66 | 12,187.95 | 0.08 | 1.46 | |||||||||
CV (%) | 36.97 | 35.20 | 35.16 | 56.64 | 38.01 | 37.73 | 39.25 | 31.27 | ||||||||||
Genetic Parameters | h2 = | 0.95 | 0.98 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.90 | 0.91 | 0.92 | 0.95 | |||||||||
CVg (%) = | 61.69 | 82.80 | 24.92 | 23.74 | 26.85 | 26.54 | 44.58 | 29.53 | ||||||||||
CVg/CVe = | 1.58 | 2.79 | 1.06 | 1.04 | 1.06 | 1.15 | 1.21 | 1.51 | ||||||||||
r (%) = | 71.34 | 88.63 | 52.90 | 51.95 | 52.87 | 56.92 | 59.25 | 69.53 |
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Ajala-Luccas, D.; Ribeiro-Oliveira, J.P.; Teixeira, R.N.; Ducatti, K.R.; França-Neto, J.B.; Hilhorst, H.W.M.; da Silva, E.A.A. The Seed–Seedling Transition in Commercial Soybean Cultivars with the Presence of Greenish Seeds in the Sample: A Perspective from Classical Genetic Parameters. Agronomy 2023, 13, 1966. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13081966
Ajala-Luccas D, Ribeiro-Oliveira JP, Teixeira RN, Ducatti KR, França-Neto JB, Hilhorst HWM, da Silva EAA. The Seed–Seedling Transition in Commercial Soybean Cultivars with the Presence of Greenish Seeds in the Sample: A Perspective from Classical Genetic Parameters. Agronomy. 2023; 13(8):1966. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13081966
Chicago/Turabian StyleAjala-Luccas, Daiani, João Paulo Ribeiro-Oliveira, Renake N. Teixeira, Karina Renostro Ducatti, J. B. França-Neto, Henk W. M. Hilhorst, and Edvaldo Aparecido Amaral da Silva. 2023. "The Seed–Seedling Transition in Commercial Soybean Cultivars with the Presence of Greenish Seeds in the Sample: A Perspective from Classical Genetic Parameters" Agronomy 13, no. 8: 1966. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13081966