Effects of Different Tillage and Residue Retention Measures on Silage Maize Yield and Quality and Soil Phosphorus in Karst Areas
(This article belongs to the Section Agroecology Innovation: Achieving System Resilience)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Experimental Site
2.2. Experimental Design
2.3. Plant Sample and Analysis
2.4. Soil Sample and Analysis
2.5. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Maize Productivity and Quality
3.2. Soil Phosphorus Content and Phosphatase Activity
3.3. Correlation Analysis
4. Discussion
4.1. Impact of Different Tillage and Cover Measures on Soil Phosphorus and Phosphatase Enzymes
4.2. Impact of Different Tillage and Cover Measures on Maize Yield and Quality
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Soil Layer | pH | SOC | TN | NO3 | NH4 | TP | AP |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(cm) | (g kg−1) | (g kg−1) | (mg kg−1) | (mg kg−1) | (g kg−1) | (mg kg−1) | |
0–5 | 5.29 | 20.71 | 1.74 | 52.00 | 2.82 | 0.74 | 35.64 |
5–10 | 5.39 | 20.52 | 1.52 | 36.75 | 1.23 | 0.66 | 30.92 |
10–20 | 5.37 | 18.39 | 1.49 | 23.60 | 0.50 | 0.67 | 35.17 |
20–30 | 5.73 | 16.10 | 1.17 | 12.01 | 0.30 | 0.61 | 25.08 |
30–45 | 5.93 | 14.73 | 1.07 | 9.73 | 0.26 | 0.53 | 18.65 |
45–60 | 5.91 | 13.76 | 0.94 | 9.31 | 0.25 | 0.62 | 18.28 |
60–80 | 5.80 | 15.24 | 1.13 | 7.49 | 0.91 | 0.48 | 19.70 |
80–100 | 5.68 | 16.03 | 1.21 | 11.78 | 1.09 | 0.48 | 19.41 |
Treatments | Tillage | Residue Retention |
---|---|---|
CT | Conventional tillage (tillage with machinery at a depth of 30 cm before sowing) | No hairy vetch |
CTH | Conventional tillage (tillage with machinery at a depth of 30 cm before sowing) | Above-ground harvest of hairy vetch and root stubble retention |
CTM | Conventional tillage (tillage with machinery at a depth of 30 cm before sowing) | Mulch after above-ground harvest of hairy vetch |
CTR | Conventional tillage (tillage with machinery at a depth of 30 cm before sowing) | Crushing and incorporation of hairy vetch by tillage |
NT | No tillage | No hairy vetch |
NTH | No tillage | Above-ground harvest of hairy vetch and root stubble retention |
NTM | No tillage | Mulch after above-ground harvest of hairy vetch |
NTLM | No tillage | Living mulch (above-ground stubble of hairy vetch left for 5 cm to maintain growth until silage maize harvest) |
Index | Treatment | Growth Stage | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Jointing Stage | Big Trumpet Stage | Milk Stage | ||
Height | CT | 88.17 cd | 169.07 cd | 231.83 cd |
(cm) | CTH | 100.43 abc | 192.20 abc | 264.12 abc |
CTM | 114.33 a | 219.90 a | 301.30 a | |
CTR | 112.12 a | 215.40 a | 295.23 a | |
NT | 81.03 d | 155.97 d | 213.01 d | |
NTH | 92.22 bcd | 176.07 bcd | 241.92 bcd | |
NTM | 108.07 a | 207.57 a | 284.90 a | |
NTLM | 105.87 ab | 202.37 ab | 277.32 ab | |
LAI | CT | 1.12 a | 2.40 cd | 4.64 de |
CTH | 1.28 a | 2.73 abcd | 5.29 bcd | |
CTM | 1.46 a | 3.12 a | 6.03 a | |
CTR | 1.43 a | 3.05 ab | 5.91 ab | |
NT | 1.03 a | 2.21 d | 4.26 e | |
NTH | 1.17 a | 2.50 bcd | 4.84 cde | |
NTM | 1.38 a | 2.95 abc | 5.70 b | |
NTLM | 1.34 a | 2.87 abc | 5.55 bc |
Treatment | CP | CF | ADF | NDF | Ash | Crude Fat |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(%) | (%) | (%) | (%) | (%) | (%) | |
CT | 7.38 b | 23.91 b | 30.27 a | 50.43 a | 6.76 a | 1.66 b |
CTH | 8.13 ab | 25.69 ab | 32.17 a | 54.12 a | 6.38 a | 2.85 a |
CTM | 8.09 ab | 27.12 ab | 30.69 a | 49.63 a | 7.17 a | 2.96 a |
CTR | 8.18 ab | 26.77 ab | 30.65 a | 52.34 a | 7.20 a | 3.08 a |
NT | 8.34 a | 23.47 b | 27.78 a | 50.49 a | 5.08 a | 2.24 ab |
NTH | 8.53 a | 26.10 ab | 31.44 a | 51.13 a | 5.49 a | 2.51 ab |
NTM | 8.91 a | 29.71 a | 32.76 a | 53.61 a | 5.61 a | 2.98 ab |
NTLM | 8.69 a | 28.57 ab | 29.04 a | 51.66 a | 5.97 a | 2.98 ab |
Soil Layer | Treatment | TP | AP | ACP | MBP |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(cm) | (g kg−1) | (g kg−1) | (U g−1) | (mg kg−1) | |
0–5 | CT | 0.74 a | 32.15 ab | 73.63 d | 22.03 c |
CTH | 0.75 a | 34.02 ab | 105.79 bc | 23.94 c | |
CTM | 0.65 a | 41.12 a | 156.99 a | 45.18 a | |
CTR | 0.74 a | 34.13 ab | 121.53 b | 28.86 bc | |
NT | 0.70 a | 25.83 b | 44.40 e | 28.00 bc | |
NTH | 0.71 a | 31.39 ab | 117.79 bc | 29.47 bc | |
NTM | 0.72 a | 33.17 ab | 100.32 c | 40.02 ab | |
NTLM | 0.74 a | 30.51 b | 119.97 b | 30.77 b | |
5–10 | CT | 0.67 c | 24.91 c | 67.11 e | 18.26 c |
CTH | 0.75 b | 41.76 ab | 94.34 d | 18.98 c | |
CTM | 0.67 c | 40.52 ab | 150.77 a | 25.26 b | |
CTR | 0.64 c | 34.31 abc | 129.32 b | 19.23 c | |
NT | 0.72 abc | 31.48 bc | 40.64 f | 21.76 bc | |
NTH | 0.71 bc | 35.62 abc | 97.67 d | 27.27 abc | |
NTM | 0.65 c | 38.99 ab | 98.56 d | 41.28 a | |
NTLM | 0.85 ab | 46.08 a | 113.57 c | 25.34 b |
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Wang, T.; Ren, W.; Yang, F.; Niu, L.; Li, Z.; Zhang, M. Effects of Different Tillage and Residue Retention Measures on Silage Maize Yield and Quality and Soil Phosphorus in Karst Areas. Agronomy 2023, 13, 2306. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13092306
Wang T, Ren W, Yang F, Niu L, Li Z, Zhang M. Effects of Different Tillage and Residue Retention Measures on Silage Maize Yield and Quality and Soil Phosphorus in Karst Areas. Agronomy. 2023; 13(9):2306. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13092306
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Tao, Wei Ren, Feng Yang, Lili Niu, Zhou Li, and Mingjun Zhang. 2023. "Effects of Different Tillage and Residue Retention Measures on Silage Maize Yield and Quality and Soil Phosphorus in Karst Areas" Agronomy 13, no. 9: 2306. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13092306