Influencing Factors and Prediction Models of Mercury Phytoavailability and Transference in a Soil–Lettuce System under Chinese Agricultural Soils
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Collection
2.2. Physicochemical Characteristics of Soils
2.3. Soil Hg Treatments and Experimental Setup
2.4. Soil and Plant Sampling
2.5. Hg Analysis
2.6. Data Analysis
2.7. BCF (Bioconcentration Factor)
2.8. Path Analysis
2.9. Prediction Model
3. Results
3.1. Soil Total Hg (THg) Concentration (µg kg−1)
3.2. Lettuce Total Hg (THg) Concentrations (µg kg−1)
3.3. Uptake and Accumulation of Hg in a Soil–Lettuce System
3.4. Factors Affecting Hg Uptake and Accumulation in a Soil–Lettuce System
3.5. Hg Transfer in a Soil–Lettuce System (Prediction Model)
4. Discussion
4.1. Lettuce Hg Concentration (ug kg−1) in the Investigated Soils
4.2. Uptake and Accumulation of Hg in Soil–Lettuce System
4.3. Factors Affecting Hg Uptake and Accumulation in a Soil–Lettuce System
4.4. Hg Transfer in a Soil–Lettuce System (Prediction Model)
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Hg Treatment | Soil THg Concentration (µg kg−1) | Mean | SD | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Min | Max | |||
CK (Control) | 15.98 | 156.02 | 54.10 c | 27.17 |
Hg-I (Low-Hg) | 281.04 | 1272.93 | 606.58 b | 248.38 |
Hg-II (High-Hg) | 503.77 | 1991.90 | 1024.48 a | 314.18 |
Hg Treatment | Lettuce THg Concentration (µg kg−1) | Mean | SD | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Min | Max | |||
CK (Control) | 0.86 | 1.46 | 1.06 c | 0.15 |
Hg-I (Low-Hg) | 5.31 | 9.92 | 7.17 b | 1.26 |
Hg-II (High-Hg) | 5.18 | 14.01 | 10.32 a | 2.01 |
Hg Treatment | Lettuce Leaf Hg BCF | Mean | SD | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Min | Max | |||
CK (Control) | 0.006 | 0.038 | 0.020 a | 0.008 |
Hg-I (Low-Hg) | 0.005 | 0.025 | 0.012 b | 0.006 |
Hg-II (High-Hg) | 0.005 | 0.018 | 0.010 b | 0.004 |
Property | Soil THg | Av Hg | Ex Hg | pH | OM | Clay | CEC | Amo Fe | Amo Al | r | R2 | U |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Soil THg | 0.79 ** | −0.03 | −0.02 | −0.30 | −0.04 | −0.02 | −0.04 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.46 * | 0.82 ** | 0.42 |
AvHg | 0.16 | −0.15 | −0.01 | 0.31 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.07 | −0.12 | −0.13 | 0.23 | ||
ExHg | 0.20 | −0.02 | −0.09 | −0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.20 | ||
pH | 0.28 | 0.05 | 0.00 | −0.86 ** | −0.04 | −0.01 | −0.04 | 0.05 | 0.08 | −0.49 * | ||
OM | −0.11 | −0.07 | −0.01 | 0.18 | 0.14 | 0.03 | −0.01 | −0.02 | −0.19 | −0.12 | ||
Clay | −0.21 | −0.09 | 0.00 | 0.19 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 0.08 | −0.10 | −0.14 | −0.15 | ||
CEC | −0.13 | −0.04 | 0.02 | 0.14 | −0.08 | 0.04 | 0.15 | −0.10 | −0.15 | −0.19 | ||
Amo Fe | −0.16 | −0.07 | 0.02 | 0.15 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.15 | −0.27 * | 0.14 | 0.13 | ||
Amo Al | −0.17 | −0.04 | 0.03 | 0.16 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 0.12 | 0.12 | −0.47 * | −0.14 |
Hg Inputs | Prediction Model | R2 | p | SE |
---|---|---|---|---|
CK soil | Log (lettuce THg) = 0.16 log (soil THg) − 0.36 | 0.32 | 0.001 | 0.116 |
Hg-I + Hg-II | Log (lettuce THg) = −1.55 log (soil pH) + 0.48 log (soil THg) − 0.1 log (Amo Al) − 0.07 log (Amo Fe) + 1.91 | 0.82 | 0.000 | 0.085 |
CK + Hg-I + Hg-II | Log (lettuce THg) = −1.44 log (soil pH) + 0.45 log (soil THg) − 0.1 log (Amo Al) − 0.07 log (Amo Fe) + 1.66 | 0.81 | 0.000 | 0.082 |
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Ullah, S.; Hussain, S.; Noor, Y.; Khanam, T.; Xia, X.; Darma, A.I.; Feng, Y.; Yang, J. Influencing Factors and Prediction Models of Mercury Phytoavailability and Transference in a Soil–Lettuce System under Chinese Agricultural Soils. Agronomy 2024, 14, 1394. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14071394
Ullah S, Hussain S, Noor Y, Khanam T, Xia X, Darma AI, Feng Y, Yang J. Influencing Factors and Prediction Models of Mercury Phytoavailability and Transference in a Soil–Lettuce System under Chinese Agricultural Soils. Agronomy. 2024; 14(7):1394. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14071394
Chicago/Turabian StyleUllah, Subhan, Sajjad Hussain, Yousaf Noor, Tasawar Khanam, Xing Xia, Aminu Inuwa Darma, Ya Feng, and Jianjun Yang. 2024. "Influencing Factors and Prediction Models of Mercury Phytoavailability and Transference in a Soil–Lettuce System under Chinese Agricultural Soils" Agronomy 14, no. 7: 1394. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14071394