Lethal and Sublethal Effects of Afidopyropen and Flonicamid on Life Parameters and Physiological Responses of the Tobacco Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci MEAM1
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Insect Materials
2.2. Insecticides
2.3. Bioassay
2.3.1. Insecticide Susceptibility
2.3.2. Sublethal Effect Bioassay
2.4. Detoxifying Enzyme Activities Assay
2.4.1. Sample Preparation
2.4.2. Enzyme Activity Assay
2.5. Gene Expression Assay
2.6. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Toxicity of Six Insecticides to B. tabaci
3.2. Sublethal Effects of Flonicamid and Afidopyropen on B. tabaci
3.2.1. Sublethal Effects on the F0 Generation
3.2.2. Transgenerational Effects on F1 Generation
3.3. Sublethal Effects of Flonicamid and Afidopyropen on Detoxifying Enzymes
3.4. Sublethal Effects on Expression of Genes Related to P450 and GSTs
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Insecticides | Stages | Regression Equation (y = ax + b) | LC10 (95%CL) (mg/L) | LC50 (95%CL) (mg/L) | LC90 (95%CL) (mg/L) | Chi-Square | df | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Imidacloprid | Nymph | y = −3.648x + 7.494 | 28.323 (20.665–35.805) | 47.256 (37.638–56.437) | 113.372 (98.662–130.622) | 9.267 | 18 | 0.953 |
Dinotefuran | Nymph | y = −2.665x + 3.750 | 3.825 (2.375–5.334) | 7.709 (5.568–9.786) | 25.544 (21.462–30.741) | 9.925 | 18 | 0.934 |
Sulfoxaflor | Nymph | y = −3.652x + 4.390 | 3.985 (2.837–5.120) | 6.645 (5.182–8.041) | 15.926 (13.797–18.294) | 7.933 | 18 | 0.980 |
Afidopyropen | Nymph | y = −3.744x + 4.922 | 7.341 (4.916–8.732) | 12.795 (9.017–17.490) | 26.631 (19.987–32.679) | 11.986 | 18 | 0.848 |
Flonicamid | Nymph | y = −3.696x + 5.772 | 12.268 (8.706–19.783) | 25.359 (17.129–33.438) | 49.425 (39.672–61.811) | 11.688 | 18 | 0.863 |
Pymetrozine | Nymph | y = −3.056x + 6.517 | 35.910 (22.624–54.202) | 67.729 (46.517–88.505) | 165.625 (145.891–190.348) | 8.009 | 18 | 0.979 |
Imidacloprid | Adult | y = −3.231x + 7.068 | 32.158 (22.627–41.528) | 57.314 (42.889–69.222) | 153.923 (132.188–187.608) | 8.111 | 18 | 0.977 |
Dinotefuran | Adult | y = −3.680x + 5.896 | 10.116 (7.053–14.822) | 16.802 (12.326–21.118) | 40.012 (30.806–51.969) | 8.682 | 18 | 0.967 |
Sulfoxaflor | Adult | y = −2.567x + 3.650 | 3.680 (2.028–5.205) | 7.616 (5.123–9.748) | 26.405 (20.071–34.028) | 9.027 | 18 | 0.959 |
Afidopyropen | Adult | y = −3.346x + 3.638 | 2.696 (1.677–3.935) | 4.711 (3.068–5.908) | 12.231 (8.386–16.202) | 6.915 | 18 | 0.991 |
Flonicamid | Adult | y = −3.646x + 5.190 | 6.621 (4.318–8.814) | 11.050 (8.473–14.506) | 26.521 (20.850–33.494) | 9.743 | 18 | 0.940 |
Pymetrozine | Adult | y = −3.063x + 5.992 | 17.329 (11.410–23.392) | 31.881 (23.660–39.828) | 90.388 (76.978–108.790) | 8.371 | 18 | 0.973 |
Treatments | Survival Rate (%) | Male Longevity (d) | Female Longevity (d) | Fecundity (Eggs/Female) | Hatchability (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Afidopyropen—LC10 | 85.50 ± 2.75 b | 6.64 ± 0.12 c | 4.96 ± 0.12 c | 51.16 ± 1.24 b | 88.27 ± 0.61 b |
Afidopyropen—LC20 | 73.00 ± 2.89 c | 4.99 ± 0.13 e | 3.83 ± 0.11 d | 36.43 ± 1.10 d | 81.99 ± 0.98 c |
Flonicamid—LC10 | 89.00 ± 2.65 ab | 7.16 ± 0.13 b | 5.89 ± 0.09 b | 43.67 ± 1.05 c | 84.08 ± 0.86 c |
Flonicamid—LC20 | 81.50 ± 2.75 b | 5.97 ± 0.10 d | 4.92 ± 0.11 c | 35.01 ± 1.06 d | 75.59 ± 1.35 d |
CK | 95.50 ± 0.96 a | 8.23 ± 0.16 a | 6.33 ± 0.13 a | 68.33 ± 1.58 a | 95.50 ± 0.47 a |
Stages | CK | Afidopyropen—LC10 | Afidopyropen—LC20 | Flonicamid—LC10 | Flonicamid—LC20 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Developmental time (d) | Egg | 5.06 ± 0.06 a | 4.81 ± 0.07 c | 4.54 ± 0.07 b | 5.20 ± 0.05 a | 4.75 ± 0.06 b |
Larva I | 3.65 ± 0.05 c | 3.99 ± 0.06 b | 4.24 ± 0.07 a | 3.97 ± 0.06 b | 3.92 ± 0.07 a | |
Larva II | 3.17 ± 0.06 b | 3.36 ± 0.05 ab | 3.59 ± 0.07 a | 3.20 ± 0.06 ab | 3.09 ± 0.06 b | |
Larva III | 2.78 ± 0.05 b | 3.06 ± 0.07 ab | 3.35 ± 0.09 a | 3.11 ± 0.07 ab | 3.17 ± 0.07 ab | |
Larva IV | 5.66 ± 0.07 c | 6.03 ± 0.08 ab | 6.35 ± 0.07 a | 5.72 ± 0.07 bc | 5.65 ± 0.08 c | |
Total larvae | 15.24 ± 0.13 c | 16.47 ± 0.14 b | 17.54 ± 0.19 a | 16.02 ± 0.11 bc | 15.89 ± 0.13 bc | |
Longevity (d) | Female | 12.74 ± 0.26 a | 10.92 ± 0.22 c | 9.62 ± 0.17 d | 11.48 ± 0.19 b | 10.32 ± 0.19 c |
Male | 10.66 ± 0.25 a | 8.73 ± 0.20 b c | 8.02 ± 0.19 c | 9.85 ± 0.18 ab | 9.16 ± 0.19 b | |
APOP | (d) | 1.71 ± 0.08 b | 1.87 ± 0.08 ab | 1.84 ± 0.06 ab | 1.93 ± 0.09 a | 1.98 ± 0.06 a |
TPOP | (d) | 22.03 ± 0.20 b | 23.11 ± 0.23 ab | 23.44 ± 0.23 a | 23.17 ± 0.19 ab | 22.61 ± 0.21 b |
Mortality (%) | Egg | 2.66 ± 1.32 d | 10.65 ± 2.51 c | 18.66 ± 3.18 b | 18.67 ± 3.18 b | 24.11 ± 3.28 a |
Larva I | 0.67 ± 0.67 c | 4.66 + 1.72 b | 7.33 ± 2.14 ab | 7.99 + 2.21 ab | 9.32 ± 2.36 a | |
Larva II | 2.01 ± 1.15 a | 2.67 ± 1.31 a | 3.98 ± 1.59 a | 4.68 ± 1.72 a | 3.33 ± 1.47 a | |
Larva III | 2.00 ± 1.14 a | 3.99 ± 1.65 a | 3.33 ± 1.46 a | 2.67 ± 1.32 a | 5.33 ± 1.18 a | |
Larva IV | 2.00 ± 1.13 a | 3.99 ± 1.59 a | 5.37 ± 1.83 a | 0.67 ± 0.65 a | 2.01 ± 1.11 a | |
Total larvae | 6.68 ± 1.37 b | 15.31 ± 2.17 ab | 20.01 ± 2.54 a | 16.01 ± 2.63 a | 19.99 ± 2.69 a | |
Female | 51.99 ± 4.07 a | 41.34 ± 4.04 b | 33.34 ± 3.84 cd | 35.99 ± 3.93 bc | 31.35 ± 3.79 d | |
Male | 38.67 ± 3.97 a | 32.67 ± 3.82 b | 28.01 ± 3.66 c | 29.33 ± 3.72 bc | 24.65 ± 3.52 d | |
Fecundity | (Eggs) | 73.79 ± 1.47 a | 52.47 ± 1.45 b | 38.81 ± 1.03 d | 67.39 ± 1.44 a | 46.45 ± 1.36 c |
Parameters | CK | Afidopyropen—LC10 | Afidopyropen—LC20 | Flonicamid—LC10 | Flonicamid—LC20 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
r | 0.134 ± 0.003 a | 0.110 ± 0.004 bc | 0.092 ± 0.004 d | 0.113 ± 0.004 b | 0.101 ± 0.005 c |
λ | 1.143 ± 0.004 a | 1.117 ± 0.004 b | 1.096 ± 0.005 c | 1.119 ± 0.005 b | 1.106 ± 0.005 bc |
Ro | 38.37 ± 4.86 a | 21.69 ± 2.20 b | 12.94 ± 1.52 c | 24.25 ± 2.69 b | 15.19 ± 1.88 c |
T | 27.23 ± 0.23 bc | 27.87 ± 0.22 ab | 27.75 ± 0.23 ab | 28.21 ± 0.21 a | 26.92 ± 0.22 b |
Rf | 1.000 | 0.711 | 0.526 | 0.913 | 0.629 |
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Ding, W.; Xu, T.; Zhu, G.; Chu, P.; Liu, S.; Xue, M. Lethal and Sublethal Effects of Afidopyropen and Flonicamid on Life Parameters and Physiological Responses of the Tobacco Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci MEAM1. Agronomy 2024, 14, 1774. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14081774
Ding W, Xu T, Zhu G, Chu P, Liu S, Xue M. Lethal and Sublethal Effects of Afidopyropen and Flonicamid on Life Parameters and Physiological Responses of the Tobacco Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci MEAM1. Agronomy. 2024; 14(8):1774. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14081774
Chicago/Turabian StyleDing, Wenjuan, Tengfei Xu, Guodong Zhu, Pengfei Chu, Shouzhu Liu, and Ming Xue. 2024. "Lethal and Sublethal Effects of Afidopyropen and Flonicamid on Life Parameters and Physiological Responses of the Tobacco Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci MEAM1" Agronomy 14, no. 8: 1774. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14081774