Exogenous Application of Melatonin and Strigolactone by Regulating Morphophysiological Responses and Gene Expression to Improve Drought Resistance in Fodder Soybean Seedlings
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Material and Treatments
2.2. Measurements of Growth and Morphological Indexes
2.3. Determination of Photosynthesis Parameters
2.4. Measurement of Antioxidant Enzymes, Antioxidants, and Osmotic Solutes
2.5. Measurement of Malondialdehyde, Relative Electrical Conductivity, and Superoxide Anion
2.6. Measurement of Endogenous Hormone Indexes
2.7. Measurement of Gene Expression
2.8. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Impact of MT and SL on the Growth of Fodder Soybean under Drought Stress
3.2. Impact of MT and SL on Morphological Characteristics of Fodder Soybean under Drought Stress
3.2.1. Changes in Root System
3.2.2. Changes in Stomatal Traits
3.3. Impact of MT and SL on Photosynthetic System in Fodder Soybean under Drought Stress
3.3.1. Changes in Gas Exchange Parameters
3.3.2. Changes in Chlorophyll Pigments
3.3.3. Analysis of Chlorophyll Fluorescence Changes
3.4. Impact of MT and SL on Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in Fodder Soybean under Drought Stress
3.5. Impact of MT and SL on Antioxidants and Osmotic Solutes under Drought Stress
3.6. Impact of MT and SL on Cell Membrane and Oxidative Damage in Fodder Soybean under Drought Stress
3.7. Impact of MT and SL on Phytohormone Content in Fodder Soybean under Drought Stress
3.8. Impact of MT and SL on Gene Expression Level in Fodder Soybean under Drought Stress
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Drought Degree | Treatments | Plant Height (cm) | Leaf Area (mm2) | Aboveground Biomass (g) | Belowground Biomass (g) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
NW | NS | 25.97 ± 1.39 a | 667.17 ± 22.95 b | 1.05 ± 0.02 b | 0.19 ± 0.01 b |
WS | 26.63 ± 1.45 a | 790.79 ± 18.87 a | 1.09 ± 0.06 b | 0.20 ± 0.01 b | |
MS | 27.60 ± 1.84 a | 827.66 ± 7.11 a | 1.19 ± 0.05 a | 0.23 ± 0.01 a | |
SS | 28.50 ± 0.89 a | 801.19 ± 43.93 a | 1.19 ± 0.02 a | 0.24 ± 0.01 a | |
MD | NS | 25.20 ± 0.70 b | 644.42 ± 49.02 b | 0.61 ± 0.01 c | 0.16 ± 0.01 c |
WS | 25.67 ± 1.66 ab | 759.15 ± 10.10 a | 0.69 ± 0.01 b | 0.18 ± 0.01 bc | |
MS | 26.30 ± 1.15 ab | 812.20 ± 36.75 a | 0.76 ± 0.01 a | 0.20 ± 0.01 ab | |
SS | 27.80 ± 1.44 a | 825.50 ± 76.48 a | 0.77 ± 0.01 a | 0.21 ± 0.01 a | |
SD | NS | 22.90 ± 2.21 b | 384.44 ± 47.16 c | 0.57 ± 0.01 d | 0.13 ± 0.003 d |
WS | 25.30 ± 1.65 ab | 639.72 ± 34.83 b | 0.63 ± 0.01 c | 0.15 ± 0.001 c | |
MS | 25.53 ± 0.85 ab | 722.05 ± 38.03 a | 0.69 ± 0.01 b | 0.17 ± 0.004 b | |
SS | 27.47 ± 1.06 a | 763.80 ± 32.07 a | 0.71 ± 0.01 a | 0.18 ± 0.01 a |
Drought Degree | Treatments | Root Length (cm) | Root Surface Area (cm2) | Root Mean Diameter (mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|
NW | NS | 365.54 ± 20.03 b | 58.05 ± 0.08 c | 0.53 ± 0.06 a |
WS | 373.11 ± 7.72 b | 63.28 ± 0.10 b | 0.54 ± 0.03 a | |
MS | 567.92 ± 21.20 a | 68.79 ± 0.55 a | 0.55 ± 0.04 a | |
SS | 561.03 ± 17.78 a | 68.71 ± 0.38 a | 0.56 ± 0.03 a | |
MD | NS | 445.77 ± 12.58 b | 59.98 ± 0.78 c | 0.42 ± 0.02 b |
WS | 458.55 ± 11.85 b | 61.34 ± 0.45 bc | 0.48 ± 0.03 a | |
MS | 558.87 ± 15.70 a | 62.31 ± 0.37 b | 0.53 ± 0.02 a | |
SS | 539.51 ± 14.84 a | 70.56 ± 1.57 a | 0.5 ± 0.03 a | |
SD | NS | 249.25 ± 11.93 b | 62.65 ± 1.92 b | 0.41 ± 0.01 b |
WS | 275.04 ± 13.48 b | 60.87 ± 0.10 b | 0.43 ± 0.01 b | |
MS | 365.27 ± 13.38 a | 66.23 ± 0.99 a | 0.45 ± 0.01 a | |
SS | 369.47 ± 17.57 a | 67.07 ± 0.89 a | 0.46 ± 0.02 a |
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Xie, F.; Liu, Y.; Zhao, Q.; Liu, X.; Wang, C.; Wang, Q.; Wei, Q.; Zhao, X.; Jiang, J.; Liu, R.; et al. Exogenous Application of Melatonin and Strigolactone by Regulating Morphophysiological Responses and Gene Expression to Improve Drought Resistance in Fodder Soybean Seedlings. Agronomy 2024, 14, 1803. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14081803
Xie F, Liu Y, Zhao Q, Liu X, Wang C, Wang Q, Wei Q, Zhao X, Jiang J, Liu R, et al. Exogenous Application of Melatonin and Strigolactone by Regulating Morphophysiological Responses and Gene Expression to Improve Drought Resistance in Fodder Soybean Seedlings. Agronomy. 2024; 14(8):1803. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14081803
Chicago/Turabian StyleXie, Fuchun, Yujiao Liu, Qianhan Zhao, Xiashun Liu, Chen Wang, Qinyi Wang, Qiyun Wei, Xueying Zhao, Jia Jiang, Rongxu Liu, and et al. 2024. "Exogenous Application of Melatonin and Strigolactone by Regulating Morphophysiological Responses and Gene Expression to Improve Drought Resistance in Fodder Soybean Seedlings" Agronomy 14, no. 8: 1803. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14081803