Process Adaptability Appraisal of Fermented Chopped Chili Pepper Made from Fresh Chili Peppers of Different Varieties
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Materials
2.2. Processing of FCCP
2.3. Instruments and Reagents
2.4. Main Methods
2.4.1. Measurement Methods for Physicochemical Indexes
Fruit Hardness and Thickness
Fruit Color
Texture
Moisture
Protein
Total Acids
Capsaicin
Cellulose and Vitamin C
Soluble Glucose
Protopectin
Sensory Appraisal Method of FCCP
2.4.2. Data Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Quality Analysis of FCP with Different Genotypes
3.2. Correlation Analysis of the Quality of FCPs with Different Genotypes
3.3. PCA of the Quality Indexes of FCP with Different Genotypes
3.4. Cluster Analysis of the Quality of Fresh Chili Pepper by Different Genotypes
3.5. Processing Adaptability Appraisal of Fresh Chili Peppers of Different Genotypes
3.5.1. Sensory Appraisal Results of FCCP
3.5.2. Key Index Screening in Process Adaptability of FCCP
3.5.3. Process Adaptability Appraisal of FCCP
3.5.4. Verification of FCCP via Cluster Analysis
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
FCP | Fresh Chili Pepper |
FCCP | Fermented Chopped Chili Pepper |
PCA | Principal Component Analysis |
CA | Cluster analysis |
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Geno Type | Code | Total Acids g/kg | Protopectin g/100 g | L | a* | b* | Peel Thickness mm | Hardness N/cm2 |
Line Pepper | 21G233 | 2.86 ± 0.07 hij | 12.54 ± 0.09 gh | 31.04 ± 0.64 | 30.77 ± 0.77 | 16.97 ± 0.70 | 1.91 ± 0.46 defghij | 3.23 ± 0.38 efghi |
21G27 | 2.67 ± 0.00 lm | 11.06 ± 0.18 klmn | 32.81 ± 0.6 | 33.79 ± 1.68 | 20.59 ± 0.90 | 1.61 ± 0.18 ghijklm | 3.25 ± 0.52 efghi | |
21G47 | 1.92 ± 0.08 q | 10.98 ± 0.27 lmno | 30.23 ± 1.79 | 26.49 ± 2.04 | 14.04 ± 0.87 | 2.84 ± 0.27 b | 2.6 ± 0.36 ij | |
Bola Redbull | 2.63 ± 0.03 im | 13.68 ± 0.16 e | 33.4 ± 1.22 | 34.21 ± 1.07 | 19.00 ± 1.65 | 1.76 ± 0.3 efghijk | 3.36 ± 0.72 efgh | |
21G07 | 2.19 ± 0.11 p | 11.15 ± 0.19 klm | 33.38 ± 1.24 | 32.45 ± 2.34 | 19.79 ± 0.59 | 1.91 ± 0.42 defghij | 3.02 ± 0.5 ghi | |
21G228 | 2.93 ± 0.01 hi | 11.45 ± 0.13 u | 29.80 ± 1.62 | 28.19 ± 3.88 | 16.21 ± 2.47 | 2.22 ± 0.54 cde | 3.17 ± 0.26 efghi | |
21G77 | 1.98 ± 0.13 q | 10.68 ± 0.23 no | 33.26 ± 1.01 | 32.75 ± 0.67 | 19.75 ± 1.03 | 2.21 ± 0.44 cde | 3.36 ± 0.36 efgh | |
21G76 | 1.81 ± 0.07 q | 13.14 ± 0.37 f | 31.32 ± 1.35 | 32.51 ± 1.96 | 19.13 ± 1.12 | 2.19 ± 0.37 cdef | 3.31 ± 0.53 efgh | |
21G10 | 2.83 ± 0.01 ijk | 11.45 ± 0.17 jkl | 33.48 ± 1.62 | 31.52 ± 1.65 | 20.31 ± 1.88 | 2.14 ± 0.29 defg | 3.25 ± 0.6 efghi | |
21G04 | 2.39 ± 0.01 no | 10.63 ± 0.37 no | 29.64 ± 1.1 | 30.48 ± 1.63 | 18.09 ± 1.62 | 2.13 ± 0.59 defg | 3.53 ± 0.3 defg | |
21G229 | 2.25 ± 0.14 op | 8.7 ± 0.09 s | 29.31 ± 2.15 | 27.69 ± 3.36 | 16.61 ± 2.36 | 1.62 ± 0.35 ghijklm | 3.03 ± 0.6 fghi | |
21G73 | 2.68 ± 0.04 jklm | 8.92 ± 0.11 rs | 31.54 ± 1.98 | 30.77 ± 1.77 | 18.39 ± 2.49 | 1.44 ± 0.14 hijklmn | 3.37 ± 0.64 efgh | |
21G03 | 2.55 ± 0.13 mn | 13.4 ± 0.13 ef | 32.27 ± 1.47 | 30.82 ± 1.3 | 17.96 ± 0.73 | 1.99 ± 0.3 defg | 3.7 ± 0.54 cdefg | |
21G43 | 3.74 ± 0.03 e | 17.93 ± 0.12 a | 26.55 ± 2.52 | 21.53 ± 4.29 | 11.15 ± 2.34 | 1.97 ± 0.24 defgh | 2.79 ± 0.19 hij | |
21G90 | 1.88 ± 0.04 q | 12.14 ± 0.15 hi | 33.75 ± 2.16 | 31.99 ± 1.27 | 21.99 ± 2.92 | 1.65 ± 0.1 fghijkl | 3.36 ± 0.20 efgh | |
21G25 | 2.68 ± 0.14 jklm | 7.67 ± 0.08 t | 32.76 ± 1.25 | 30.29 ± 3.92 | 18.42 ± 1.25 | 1.9 ± 0.43 defghij | 3.35 ± 0.43 efgh | |
Pod pepper | 21Z604 | 4.83 ± 0.13 a | 13.73 ± 0.06 de | 33.47 ± 1.3 | 36.97 ± 1.21 | 21.72 ± 1.35 | 1.42 ± 0.2 ijklmn | 3.52 ± 0.62 defg |
20Z663 | 3.75 ± 0.04 e | 17.06 ± 0.09 b | 33.09 ± 1.97 | 32.82 ± 1.89 | 19.59 ± 1.52 | 1.37 ± 0.07 jklmn | 3.45 ± 0.56 defgh | |
20Z702 | 3.97 ± 0.02 cd | 13.48 ± 0.19 ef | 34.81 ± 1.28 | 32.25 ± 1.61 | 18.16 ± 2.49 | 1.22 ± 0.21 klmn | 3.74 ± 0.33 cdef | |
Jipin pickled pepper | 4.92 ± 0.16 a | 14.47 ± 0.1 c | 34.67 ± 1.13 | 31.47 ± 2.10 | 18.60 ± 1.47 | 1.21 ± 0.13l mn | 4.89 ± 0.16 a | |
21Z709 | 4.54 ± 0.01 b | 11.07 ± 0.08 klmn | 31.12 ± 0.9 | 31.01 ± 0.8 | 16.95 ± 0.7 | 2.72 ± 0.39 bc | 4.62 ± 0.31 ab | |
21Z656 | 3.82 ± 0.2d e | 13.5 ± 0.39 ef | 33.38 ± 1.3 | 32.88 ± 1.29 | 17.79 ± 0.96 | 1.09 ± 0.27 mn | 4.55 ± 0.82 ab | |
21Z682 | 3.75 ± 0.02 e | 13.38 ± 0.31 ef | 36.16 ± 2.38 | 37.37 ± 1.54 | 24.41 ± 3.84 | 1.63 ± 0.3 ghijklm | 4.11 ± 0.26 bcd | |
21Z698 | 3.21 ± 0.03 fg | 10.57 ± 0.33 o | 35.52 ± 1.36 | 38.77 ± 1.96 | 23.38 ± 2.41 | 1.63 ± 0.23 ghijklm | 3.65 ± 0.26 cdefg | |
21Z697 | 3.23 ± 0.09 f | 13.35 ± 0.3 bef | 34.92 ± 2.57 | 39.79 ± 1.76 | 24.45 ± 3.01 | 1.37 ± 0.3 jklmn | 3.35 ± 0.45 efgh | |
20Z647 | 4.82 ± 0.01 a | 10.85 ± 0.1 mno | 36.07 ± 1.16 | 39.87 ± 3.75 | 25.62 ± 3.25 | 1.02 ± 0.08 n | 4.12 ± 0.39 bcd | |
21Z675 | 4.05 ± 0.17 c | 14.14 ± 0.25 cd | 37.23 ± 1.51 | 36.41 ± 1.49 | 24.54 ± 2.5 | 1.36 ± 0.47 jklmn | 3.8 ± 0.28 cdef | |
Horn pepper | 21G17 | 2.73 ± 0.02 jkl | 11.84 ± 0.51 ij | 33.72 ± 1.96 | 32.96 ± 3.00 | 20.97 ± 3.35 | 1.62 ± 0.31 ghijklm | 4.28 ± 0.42 abc |
21G12 | 2.72 ± 0.05 jklm | 8.82 ± 0.18 rs | 32.31 ± 1.15 | 31.96 ± 1.47 | 18.81 ± 1.28 | 2.06 ± 0.34 defg | 4.31 ± 0.24 abc | |
Sharp pepper | 21G50 | 3.18 ± 0.03 fg | 11.42 ± 0.09 jkl | 30.25 ± 0.86 | 27.12 ± 1.67 | 14.02 ± 1.14 | 1.94 ± 0.57 defghi | 2.13 ± 0.13 j |
21G08 | 2.37 ± 0.05 nop | 9.94 ± 0.35 p | 34.42 ± 0.81 | 30.82 ± 1.46 | 19.47 ± 0.71 | 2.08 ± 0.25 defg | 3.15 ± 0.16 efghi | |
21G36 | 1.84 ± 0.03 q | 10.63 ± 0.1 no | 25.84 ± 3.12 | 9.29 ± 2.18 | 8.18 ± 1.01 | 2.44 ± 0.38 bcd | 3.8 ± 0.48 cdef | |
Yellow pepper | 21G62 | 2.75 ± 0.04 jkl | 9.52 ± 0.11 pq | 52.33 ± 1.18 | 23.77 ± 2.18 | 52.66 ± 2.71 | 1.89 ± 0.43 efghij | 3.7 ± 0.34 cdefg |
21G59 | 3.04 ± 0.13 gh | 9.24 ± 0.13 qr | 53.26 ± 0.69 | 24.46 ± 2.01 | 53.08 ± 1.14 | 1.03 ± 0.2 n | 3.14 ± 0.18 fghi | |
Jalapeño | 21G226 | 1.95 ± 0.14 q | 12.61 ± 0.16 g | 28.04 ± 1.86 | 23.51 ± 2.14 | 12.29 ± 0.82 | 4.49 ± 0.32 a | 3.85 ± 0.53 cde |
Max. | 4.92 | 17.93 | 52.26 | 39.87 | 8.18 | 4.49 | 4.89 | |
Min. | 1.81 | 6.45 | 25.84 | 9.29 | 53.08 | 1.02 | 2.13 | |
Average | 3.01 | 11.71 | 33.56 | 30.84 | 20.64 | 1.8593 | 3.5382 | |
STD | 0.89 | 2.39454 | 5.59 | 6.04 | 8.94 | 0.69 | 0.68 | |
CV% | 29.64 | 24.43 | 16.65 | 19.58 | 43.31 | 37.62 | 19.40 | |
Geno type | Code | Capsaicin (g/kg) | Dihydrocapsaicin (g/kg) | Moisture Content (%) | Cellulose (mg/g) | Vitamin C (mg/100 g)) | Protein (g/100) | Soluble Glucose % |
Line pepper | 21G233 | 0.209 ± 0.02 k | 0.062 ± 0.009 mnop | 87.16 ± 0.15 l | 24 ± 1.45 defg | 54.12 ± 16.57 cdefgh | 1.6 ± 0.01 defg | 5.79 ± 0.01 jk |
21G27 | 0.204 ± 0.007 k | 0.089 ± 0.008 ghijk | 89.14 ± 1.16 hijk | 22.64 ± 2.39 defghi | 20.49 ± 0.63 h | 0.95 ± 0.01 po | 5.77 ± 0.01 k | |
21 G47 | 0.212 ± 0.002 k | 0.056 ± 0.005 opq | 88.32 ± 1.29 ijkl | 20.16 ± 2.35 efghijk | 31.42 ± 5.72 efgh | 0.96 ± 0.01 po | 6.67 ± 0.01 c | |
Bola hongniu | 0.436 ± 0.007 c | 0.155 ± 0.003 b | 93 ± 0.36 de | 23.33 ± 1.33 | 76.9 ± 13.98 cde | 2.21 ± 0.01 a | 5.84 ± 0.01 i | |
21G07 | 0.240 ± 0.000 j | 0.072 ± 0.003 klmno | 87.92 ± 0.5 kl | 24.48 ± 3.38 | 23.38 ± 3.3 fgh | 1.24 ± 0.01 jklm | 5.46 ± 0.02 n | |
21G228 | 0.206 ± 0.000 k | 0.063 ± 0.003 mnop | 87.12 ± 0.79 l | 31.44 ± 2.35 bc | 62.77 ± 11.4 cdefgh | 1.11 ± 0.01 lmno | 5.44 ± 0.01 n | |
21G77 | 0.092 ± 0.001 o | 0.035 ± 0.000 rst | 93.26 ± 0.14 d | 39.27 ± 2.48 a | 38.82 ± 26.19 efgh | 1.39 ± 0.01 jhij | 4.35 ± 0.01 s | |
21G76 | 0.207 ± 0.003 k | 0.058 ± 0.003 nopq | 87.67 ± 0.28 kl | 13.41 ± 0.97 lmn | 54.14 ± 3.57 cdefgh | 1.05 ± 0.01 on | 5.92 ± 0.02 h | |
21G10 | 0.085 ± 0.001 o | 0.030 ± 0.000 t | 88.33 ± 0.54 ijkl | 24.78 ± 3.82 de | 133.36 ± 23.26 ab | 0.84 ± 0.01 qp | 6.29 ± 0.01 e | |
21G04 | 0.284 ± 0.007 h | 0.088 ± 0.002 ghijk | 88.31 ± 0.48 jkl | 11.33 ± 0.96 n | 55.08 ± 7.55 cdefgh | 0.96 ± 0.02 po | 6.72 ± 0.02 b | |
21G229 | 0.335 ± 0.007 f | 0.106 ± 0.004 efg | 87.52 ± 0.63 kl | 31.73 ± 0.83 bc | 22.09 ± 2.73 gh | 1.1 ± 0.01 onml | 5.16 ± 0.01 pq | |
21G73 | 0.273 ± 0.003 hi | 0.092 ± 0.003 ghij | 89.95 ± 0.2 ghij | 12.56 ± 1.05 mn | 38.51 ± 12.04 efgh | 1.07 ± 0.00 onm | 5.75 ± 0.01 kl | |
21G03 | 0.034 ± 0.001 p | 0.043 ± 0.001 qrst | 86.72 ± 0.85 l | 26.54 ± 3.22 cd | 71.74 ± 16.67 cdef | 0.69 ± 0.05 lq | 6.09 ± 0.01 g | |
21G43 | 0.200 ± 0.000 kl | 0.076 ± 0.005 jklmn | 87.17 ± 0.05 l | 35.03 ± 4.29 ab | 36.31 ± 11.17 efgh | 1.32 ± 0.01 ijk | 5.92 ± 0.01 h | |
21G90 | 0.208 ± 0.000 lk | 0.055 ± 0.004 opqr | 86.74 ± 0.4 l | 15.18 ± 3.58 defgh | 71.59 ± 11.15 cdef | 0.95 ± 0.01 po | 5.82 ± 0.01 ij | |
21G25 | 0.086 ± 0.001 o | 0.033 ± 0.000 st | 95.27 ± 0.12 bc | 24.11 ± 0.7 de | 37.67 ± 9.63 efgh | 1.2 ± 0.00 klmn | 5.36 ± 0.01 o | |
Pod pepper | 21Z604 | 0.395 ± 0.002 d | 0.154 ± 0.01 b | 89.65 ± 2.18 ghij | 13.44 ± 1.32 lmn | 98.97 ± 19.86 bc | 1.99 ± 0.01 b | 6.12 ± 0.01 fg |
20Z663 | 0.636 ± 0.006 a | 0.244 ± 0.000 a | 90.77 ± 0.16 fg | 17.93 ± 1.21 hijklm | 61.54 ± 23.28 cdefgh | 1.78 ± 0.01 c | 6.64 ± 0.02 c | |
20Z702 | 0.300 ± 0.00 g | 0.1 ± 0 fghi | 91.38 ± 0.16 ef | 17.17 ± 1.87 ijklmn | 69.36 ± 8.12 cdefg | 1.69 ± 0.00 cde | 7.12 ± 0.12 a | |
Jipin pickled pepper | 0.459 ± 0.008 b | 0.102 ± 0.002 efgh | 90.02 ± 2.46 fgh | 33.63 ± 3.21 bc | 21.45 ± 2.35 gh | 1.55 ± 0.01 defg | 5.83 ± 0.01 ij | |
21Z709 | 0.184 ± 0.003 m | 0.082 ± 0.002 ijklm | 95.12 ± 0.06 bc | 21.96 ± 2.88 defghij | 35.7 ± 7.11 efgh | 1.21 ± 0.02 jklmn | 4.66 ± 0.03 r | |
21Z656 | 0.335 ± 0.004 f | 0.121 ± 0 de | 93.18 ± 0.15 d | 14 ± 2.23 lmn | 96.86 ± 38.62 bc | 1.52 ± 0.01 edgh | 5.2 ± 0.01 p | |
21Z682 | 0.284 ± 0.001 h | 0.103 ± 0.003 efgh | 96.28 ± 0.2 b | 18.54 ± 3.26 fghijklm | 22.54 ± 0.67 gh | 1.7 ± 0.01 cd | 6.15 ± 0.01 f | |
21Z698 | 0.21 ± 0.001 k | 0.068 ± 0.005 lmnop | 87.37 ± 0.06 l | 22.58 ± 3.61 defghi | 67.84 ± 19.56 cdefg | 1.69 ± 0.01 cde | 5.48 ± 0.01 n | |
21Z697 | 0.438 ± 0.007 c | 0.15 ± 0.004 bc | 90.08 ± 1.18 fgh | 11.7 ± 2.19 n | 30.14 ± 1.58 efgh | 1.65 ± 0.01 cde | 5.7 ± 0.02 k | |
20Z647 | 0.05 ± 0.004 d | 0.159 ± 0.001 b | 93.44 ± 0.08 d | 33.17 ± 3.3 b | 92.43 ± 23.49 bcd | 1.59 ± 0.01 def | 5.75 ± 0.01 kl | |
21Z675 | 0.357 ± 0.00 e | 0.131 ± 0 cd | 96.1 ± 0.03 a | 21.59 ± 1.43 defghij | 20.31 ± 0.36 h | 1.97 ± 0.01 b | 5.7 ± 0.00 l | |
Horn pepper | 21G17 | 0.442 ± 0.024 c | 0.105 ± 0.007 efg | 92.76 ± 0.72 de | 26.1 ± 0.37 cd | 38.22 ± 17.39 efgh | 1.43 ± 0.01 fghi | 5.59 ± 0.01 m |
21G12 | 0.205 ± 0.004 k | 0.085 ± 0.005 hijkl | 87.01 ± 0.62 l | 12.73 ± 3.74 lmn | 170.71 ± 41.04 a | 1.37 ± 0.01 hijk | 5.39 ± 0.01 o | |
Sharp pepper | 21G50 | 0.189 ± 0.005 lm | 0.12 ± 0.007 def | 85.04 ± 1.16 m | 12 ± 4.62 n | 62.64 ± 25.22 cdefgh | 1.24 ± 0.01 jklm | 4.04 ± 0.00 t |
21G08 | 0.140 ± 0.006 n | 0.040 ± 0.001 qrsst | 87.5 ± 0.76 l | 11.54 ± 2.24 n | 22.33 ± 9.34 gh | 0.83 ± 0.01 qp | 5.76 ± 0.01 k | |
21G36 | 0.139 ± 0.001 n | 0.051 ± 0.001 pqrs | 88.1 ± 0.36 jkl | 24.29 ± 0.04 def | 26.27 ± 8.33 fgh | 1.2 ± 0.01 klmn | 5.14 ± 0.01 q | |
Yellow pepper | 21G59 | 0.329 ± 0.001 f | 0.081 ± 0.001 ijklm | 91.09 ± 0.03 fg | 18.17 ± 0.21 ghijklm | 170.23 ± 21.8 a | 1.73 ± 0.01 cd | 3.99 ± 0.01 t |
21G62 | 0.404 ± 0.006 d | 0.127 ± 0.005 d | 87.82 ± 0.01 kl | 16.58 ± 5.08 jklmn | 24.85 ± 7.72 fgh | 1.28 ± 0.01 ijkl | 4.7 ± 0.01 r | |
Jalapeño | 21G226 | 0.261 ± 0.003 i | 0.113 ± 0.003 def | 93.87 ± 0.45 cd | 15.02 ± 0.46 klmn | 43.89 ± 9.25 degh | 1.1 ± 0.02 lmno | 6.37 ± 0.03 d |
Max. | 0.636 | 0.244 | 96.28 | 39.27 | 170.71 | 2.21 | 7.12 | |
Min. | 0.034 | 0.159 | 85.04 | 11.33 | 20.31 | 0.83 | 3.99 | |
Average | 0.269 | 0.09281 | 0.90 | 21.20 | 57.27 | 1.34 | 5.67 | |
STD | 0.128 | 0.045 | 0.035 | 7.88 | 43.27 | 0.36 | 0.72 | |
CV% | 48.02 | 48.70 | 3.88 | 37.16 | 75.54 | 27.34 | 12.75 |
Cluster | Color | Aroma | Taste | Form | Crispness | Score | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cluster 1 | Ave. | 13.19 ± 1.77 | 15.10 ± 0.45 | 15.23 ± 0.66 | 15.09 ± 1.18 | 13.21 ± 1.62 | 71.50 ± 1.78 |
Max. | 15.08 | 15.69 | 16.08 | 16.15 | 16.31 | 74.15 | |
Min. | 10.38 | 14.62 | 14.62 | 13.31 | 11.85 | 69.62 | |
Cluster 2 | Ave. | 15.23 ± 1.60 | 13.18 ± 1.00 | 13.50 ± 1.60 | 12.82 ± 1.27 | 9.05 ± 1.41 | 63.89 ± 4.91 |
Max. | 17.23 | 15.46 | 16.08 | 14.54 | 11.23 | 71.85 | |
Min. | 12.15 | 12.31 | 10.46 | 11.23 | 7.08 | 55.08 | |
Cluster 3 | Ave. | 18.46 ± 0.00 | 16.92 ± 0.00 | 17.85 ± 0.00 | 18.08 ± 0.00 | 16.62 ± 0.00 | 87.92 ± 0.00 |
Max. | 18.46 | 16.92 | 17.84 | 18.08 | 16.62 | 87.92 | |
Min. | 18.46 | 16.92 | 17.84 | 18.08 | 16.62 | 87.92 | |
Cluster 4 | Ave. | 5.54 ± 0.00 | 12.77 ± 0.00 | 9.92 ± 0.00 | 11.15 ± 0.00 | 6.31 ± 0.00 | 45.69 ± 0.00 |
Max. | 5.54 | 12.77 | 9.92 | 11.15 | 6.31 | 45.69 | |
Min. | 5.54 | 12.77 | 9.92 | 11.15 | 6.31 | 45.69 |
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Zhang, Z.; Zeng, L.; Zhang, W.; Ren, H.; Liu, L.; Zhang, Z.; Zou, X.; Qin, D.; Ou, L. Process Adaptability Appraisal of Fermented Chopped Chili Pepper Made from Fresh Chili Peppers of Different Varieties. Agronomy 2024, 14, 1833. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14081833
Zhang Z, Zeng L, Zhang W, Ren H, Liu L, Zhang Z, Zou X, Qin D, Ou L. Process Adaptability Appraisal of Fermented Chopped Chili Pepper Made from Fresh Chili Peppers of Different Varieties. Agronomy. 2024; 14(8):1833. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14081833
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Zhixu, Lu Zeng, Weiming Zhang, Hongbin Ren, Li Liu, Zhuqing Zhang, Xuexiao Zou, Dan Qin, and Lijun Ou. 2024. "Process Adaptability Appraisal of Fermented Chopped Chili Pepper Made from Fresh Chili Peppers of Different Varieties" Agronomy 14, no. 8: 1833. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14081833