Multi-Year Insights into Industrial Hemp Growth in a Mediterranean Climate
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Fresh Biomass Production (t ha−1)
3.2. Fiber Content (%)
3.3. Weight of Thousand Seeds (g)
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Year of Cultivation | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Registered Variety | Brief Name | Origin | Sexual Type | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 |
BIALOBRZESKIE | BLB | Poland | monoecious | X 1 | X | X | X | X | X | |
CARMAGNOLA | CRM | Italy | dioecious | X | X | X | ||||
CARMAGNOLA SELEZIONATE | CS | Italy | dioecious | X | X | X | X | X | ||
FEDORA 17 | F17 | France | monoecious | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
FELINA 32 | F32 | France | monoecious | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
FERIMON | FRM | France | monoecious | X | X | X | X | X | X | |
FUTURA 75 | F75 | France | monoecious | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
KC DORA | KCD | Hungary | monoecious | X | X | X | X | X | ||
KOMPOLTI | KMP | Hungary | dioecious | X | X | |||||
SANTHICA 27 | S27 | France | monoecious | X | X | X | X | X | X | |
SANTHICA 70 | S70 | France | monoecious | X | X | X | X | |||
TIBORZALLASI | TBR | Hungary | dioecious | X | X | |||||
TYGRA | TGR | Poland | monoecious | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
USO 31 | U31 | Ukraine | monoecious | X | X | X | X | X | X |
Year | Sand (%) | Silt (%) | Clay (%) | pH | Organic Matter (%) | EC (mS/cm) | NO3-N (mg/kg) | P (mg/kg) | K (mg/kg) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Field A | |||||||||
2017 | 38 | 40 | 22 | 7.9 | 1.4 | 0.491 | 7.0 | 9.0 | 471 |
2019 | 48 | 36 | 16 | 7.8 | 1.6 | 0.555 | 13.5 | 13.43 | 607 |
2021 | 40 | 38 | 22 | 7.7 | 1.3 | 0.443 | 3.6 | 10.7 | 320 |
2023 | 42 | 36 | 22 | 7.7 | 2.2 | 0.472 | 7.8 | 9.1 | 337 |
Field B | |||||||||
2018 | 50 | 36 | 14 | 7.6 | 1.1 | 0.74 | 10.5 | 4.1 | 115 |
2020 | 42 | 42 | 16 | 7.8 | 1.4 | 1.183 | 18.3 | 7.6 | 169 |
2022 | 52 | 34 | 14 | 7.9 | 1.2 | 0.451 | 7.1 | 3.6 | 138 |
Fertilization Rate kg ha−1 | Harvesting | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Basic | N-Topdressing | DAS | |||||
Year | Sowing Date | 20.5-0-0 | 0-46-0 | 0-0-50 | 33.5-0-0 | Biomass | Seeds |
2017 | 3 April | 350 | 330 | 0 | 200 | 99 | 130 |
2018 | 12 April | 350 | 300 | 150 | 150 | 95 | 110 |
2019 | 3 April | 250 | 300 | 0 | 150 | 97 | 110 |
2020 | 14 April | 200 | 300 | 100 | 200 | 105 | 125 |
2021 | 6 April | 450 | 330 | 50 | 300 | 95 | 110 |
2022 | 12 April | 350 | 300 | 100 | 300 | 95 | 120 |
2023 | 25 April | 400 | 330 | 50 | 200 | 110 | 130 |
Average Temperature (°C) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
April | May | June | July | August | |
2017 | 14.4 | 19.7 | 25.1 | 26.6 | 27.1 |
2018 | 16.8 | 21.0 | 23.7 | 26.4 | 26.2 |
2019 | 14.5 | 19.6 | 25.9 | 27.1 | 28.2 |
2020 | 13.4 | 19.6 | 24.0 | 27.1 | 26.7 |
2021 | 13.3 | 20.6 | 24.4 | 28.6 | 28.6 |
2022 | 14.7 | 20.7 | 25.6 | 27.5 | 27.1 |
2023 | 14.0 | 18.0 | 23.3 | 28.8 | 27.8 |
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Tsaliki, E.; Moysiadis, T.; Kalivas, A.; Panoras, I.; Grigoriadis, I. Multi-Year Insights into Industrial Hemp Growth in a Mediterranean Climate. Agronomy 2024, 14, 1946. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14091946
Tsaliki E, Moysiadis T, Kalivas A, Panoras I, Grigoriadis I. Multi-Year Insights into Industrial Hemp Growth in a Mediterranean Climate. Agronomy. 2024; 14(9):1946. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14091946
Chicago/Turabian StyleTsaliki, Eleni, Theodoros Moysiadis, Apostolos Kalivas, Ioannis Panoras, and Ioannis Grigoriadis. 2024. "Multi-Year Insights into Industrial Hemp Growth in a Mediterranean Climate" Agronomy 14, no. 9: 1946. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14091946