Impacts of Soil Compaction and Phosphorus Levels on the Dynamics of Phosphate-Solubilizing and Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria in the Peanut Rhizosphere
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Materials and Experimental Layout
2.2. Phenotype Detection
2.3. High-Throughput Sequencing of PSB and NFB
2.4. Bioinformatics
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Phenotypic Characteristics of Peanuts in Each Treatment Group
3.2. Detection of Rhizosphere PSB in Each Treatment Group
3.3. Diversity and Composition of the NFB Community in Each Treatment Group
3.4. Effects of Soil Environmental and Root Nutritional Condition Variables on PSB and NFB Communities
3.5. Effects of Soil Compaction and P Application on the Assembly Processes of PSB and NFB Communities
3.6. Effects of Soil Compaction and P Application on Networks of PSB and NFB Communities
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Soil pH | Soil Nitrate N | Soil Ammonium N | Soil Available P | Soil ACP Activity | Soil NITS Activity | Root ACP Activity | Root NITS Activity | Root N Content | Root P Content | Nodule Number | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1P0 | 6.49 ± 0.04 a | 38.14 ± 0.97 b | 15.44 ± 0.82 a | 43.50 ± 1.96 c | 53.32 ± 1.37 a | 200.42 ± 5.76 a | 47.16 ± 1.02 ab | 175.27 ± 1.66 c | 1.84 ± 0.07 b | 0.61 ± 0.02 c | 63.67 ± 6.66 b |
T1P1 | 6.16 ± 0.13 c | 37.07 ± 2.37 b | 15.10 ± 0.52 a | 105.99 ± 2.49 a | 50.18 ± 0.24 b | 186.46 ± 3.03 b | 44.64 ± 1.21 c | 191.29 ± 1.19 b | 2.21 ± 0.05 a | 0.90 ± 0.03 a | 113.33 ± 13.05 a |
T2P0 | 6.43 ± 0.05 ab | 48.53 ± 2.81 a | 14.43 ± 0.70 a | 53.27 ± 0.80 b | 53.02 ± 1.10 a | 175.96 ± 3.23 c | 47.74 ± 1.40 a | 177.51 ± 2.37 c | 1.84 ± 0.06 b | 0.81 ± 0.03 b | 61 ± 9.17 b |
T2P1 | 6.29 ± 0.05 bc | 52.74 ± 2.41 a | 15.17 ± 0.81 a | 104.66 ± 2.51 a | 53.55 ± 0.96 a | 188.70 ± 2.55 b | 45.48 ± 0.75 bc | 197.14 ± 4.04 a | 1.93 ± 0.09 b | 0.88 ± 0.04 a | 95 ± 11.53 a |
Soil pH | Soil Nitrate N | Soil Ammonium N | Soil Available P | Soil ACP Activity | Soil NITS Activity | Root ACP Activity | Root NITS Activity | Root N Content | Root P Content | Nodule Number | Soil Compaction | Applied P | Feature | ACE | Chao1 | Simpson | Shannon | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Soil pH | 1 | |||||||||||||||||
Soil nitrate N | 0.126 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||
Soil ammonium N | −0.0823 | −0.28 | 1 | |||||||||||||||
Soil available P | −0.7928 ** | 0.2204 | 0.0127 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
Soil ACP activity | 0.5685 | 0.4721 | 0.1136 | −0.4439 | 1 | |||||||||||||
Soil NITS activity | 0.1451 | −0.4054 | 0.478 | −0.2836 | 0.1331 | 1 | ||||||||||||
Root ACP activity | 0.4848 | 0.0736 | −0.2212 | −0.7619 ** | 0.5428 | −0.0536 | 1 | |||||||||||
Root NITS activity | −0.7138 ** | 0.2849 | 0.1096 | 0.9236 ** | −0.2284 | −0.1199 | −0.6966 * | 1 | ||||||||||
Root N content | −0.796 ** | −0.3995 | 0.0444 | 0.6985 * | −0.7726 ** | −0.0866 | −0.6763 * | 0.4911 | 1 | |||||||||
Root P content | −0.6651 * | 0.3543 | −0.1223 | 0.8963 ** | −0.4015 | −0.5838 * | −0.5849 * | 0.7549 ** | 0.5727 | 1 | ||||||||
Nodule number | −0.7423 ** | −0.1363 | 0.0375 | 0.8506 ** | −0.609 * | −0.0127 | −0.7953 ** | 0.7794 ** | 0.7758 ** | 0.6901 * | 1 | |||||||
Soil compaction | −0.1292 | −0.9387 ** | 0.3384 | −0.1506 | −0.4815 | 0.6012 * | −0.2286 | −0.2149 | 0.4425 | −0.3842 | 0.2234 | 1 | ||||||
Applied P | −0.8219 ** | 0.1128 | 0.1465 | 0.9611 ** | −0.4093 | −0.0326 | −0.7723 ** | 0.9464 ** | 0.699 * | 0.7608 ** | 0.89 ** | 0 | 1 | |||||
PSB_Feature | 0.2444 | 0.0353 | 0.2296 | −0.3701 | 0.1653 | 0.2119 | 0.3736 | −0.3592 | −0.483 | −0.3379 | −0.2848 | 0.0201 | −0.3221 | 1 | ||||
PSB_ACE | 0.2099 | −0.4437 | 0.3042 | −0.5163 | −0.1727 | 0.5063 | 0.2632 | −0.5312 | −0.2096 | −0.6015 * | −0.243 | 0.5295 | −0.3957 | 0.7837 ** | 1 | |||
PSB_Chao1 | 0.4865 | −0.2355 | 0.324 | −0.6435 * | 0.167 | 0.4723 | 0.3249 | −0.5696 | −0.4908 | −0.7257 ** | −0.396 | 0.331 | −0.526 | 0.7866 ** | 0.8887 ** | 1 | ||
PSB_Simpson | 0.2811 | 0.3854 | −0.1938 | −0.2011 | 0.5641 | −0.0549 | 0.4008 | −0.0071 | −0.4572 | −0.0163 | −0.2708 | −0.5257 | −0.2114 | −0.2892 | −0.4868 | −0.3547 | 1 | |
PSB_Shannon | 0.15 | 0.2537 | 0.0417 | −0.151 | 0.4459 | 0.0738 | 0.4484 | 0.0234 | −0.4305 | −0.0022 | −0.0987 | −0.3727 | −0.1067 | 0.1424 | −0.1146 | −0.0634 | 0.7961 ** | 1 |
NFB_Feature | −0.3227 | −0.8951 ** | 0.3575 | 0.0146 | −0.5339 | 0.4998 | −0.2586 | −0.0845 | 0.5794 * | −0.2144 | 0.3894 | 0.9509 ** | 0.1623 | 1 | ||||
NFB_ACE | −0.0096 | −0.698 * | 0.6357 * | −0.2656 | −0.0115 | 0.5536 | −0.0438 | −0.2438 | 0.1423 | −0.4124 | 0.0921 | 0.7222 ** | −0.0974 | 0.7586 ** | 1 | |||
NFB_Chao1 | −0.118 | −0.8237 ** | 0.4261 | −0.3101 | −0.1463 | 0.4501 | 0.122 | −0.336 | 0.2318 | −0.4514 | 0.0473 | 0.7947 ** | −0.1581 | 0.8461 ** | 0.9235 ** | 1 | ||
NFB_Simpson | −0.1886 | −0.6634 * | 0.4099 | −0.0479 | −0.3655 | 0.3359 | −0.1896 | −0.2601 | 0.5554 | −0.1583 | 0.1838 | 0.7466 ** | 0.028 | 0.8204 ** | 0.7008 * | 0.7345 ** | 1 | |
NFB_Shannon | −0.3877 | −0.6966 * | 0.3932 | 0.1206 | −0.4799 | 0.3001 | −0.2581 | −0.0838 | 0.682 * | −0.0362 | 0.3451 | 0.7695 ** | 0.207 | 0.8837 ** | 0.6643 * | 0.7414 ** | 0.9664 ** | 1 |
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Wu, Q.; Yang, L.; Liang, H.; Liu, M.; Chen, Y.; Chen, D.; Shen, P. Impacts of Soil Compaction and Phosphorus Levels on the Dynamics of Phosphate-Solubilizing and Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria in the Peanut Rhizosphere. Agronomy 2024, 14, 1971. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14091971
Wu Q, Yang L, Liang H, Liu M, Chen Y, Chen D, Shen P. Impacts of Soil Compaction and Phosphorus Levels on the Dynamics of Phosphate-Solubilizing and Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria in the Peanut Rhizosphere. Agronomy. 2024; 14(9):1971. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14091971
Chicago/Turabian StyleWu, Qi, Liyu Yang, Haiyan Liang, Miao Liu, Yinglong Chen, Dianxu Chen, and Pu Shen. 2024. "Impacts of Soil Compaction and Phosphorus Levels on the Dynamics of Phosphate-Solubilizing and Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria in the Peanut Rhizosphere" Agronomy 14, no. 9: 1971. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14091971