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Volume 9
Issue 6
10.3390/agronomy9060323
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Article

UV-B Exposure of Black Carrot (Daucus carota ssp. sativus var. atrorubens) Plants Promotes Growth, Accumulation of Anthocyanin, and Phenolic Compounds

by
Renate Müller
1,
José R. Acosta-Motos
2,3,
Dominik K. Großkinsky
4,5,
José A. Hernández
2,
Henrik Lütken
1 and
Gregorio Barba-Espin
1,2,*
1
Section for Crop Sciences, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Hoejbakkegaard Alle, 9–13, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark
2
Department of Fruit Breeding, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
3
Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Campus de los Jerónimos, 30107 Murcia, Spain
4
Section for Transport Biology, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
5
AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health and Bioresources, Bioresources Unit, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Agronomy 2019, 9(6), 323; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9060323
Submission received: 22 May 2019 / Revised: 15 June 2019 / Accepted: 16 June 2019 / Published: 19 June 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Metabolism in Crops/Agronomy)
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Abstract

Black carrot (Daucus carota L. ssp. sativus var. atroburens) is a root vegetable with anthocyanins as major phenolic compounds. The accumulation of phenolic compounds is a common response to UV-B exposure, acting as protective compounds and as antioxidants. In the present study, black carrot plants grown under a 12-h photoperiod were supplemented with UV-B radiation (21.6 kj m−2 day−1) during the last two weeks of growth. Carrot taproots and tops were harvested separately, and the effect of the UV-B irradiance was evaluated in terms of size (biomass and length), total monomeric anthocyanin content (TMC), total phenolic content (TPC), and phytohormones levels. The results showed that UV-B irradiance promoted plant growth, as shown by the elevated root (30%) and top (24%) biomass, the increased TMC and TPC in the root (over 10%), and the increased TPC of the top (9%). A hormone analysis revealed that, in response to UV-B irradiance, the levels of abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), and salicylic acid (SA) decreased in tops while the level of the cytokinins cis-zeatin (cZ) and trans-zeatinriboside (tZR) increased in roots, which correlated with an amplified growth and the accumulation of anthocyanins and phenolic compounds. Beyond the practical implications that this work may have, it contributes to the understanding of UV-B responses in black carrot.
Keywords: anthocyanins; black carrot; phenolic compounds; phytohormones; UV-B irradiance anthocyanins; black carrot; phenolic compounds; phytohormones; UV-B irradiance

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MDPI and ACS Style

Müller, R.; Acosta-Motos, J.R.; Großkinsky, D.K.; Hernández, J.A.; Lütken, H.; Barba-Espin, G. UV-B Exposure of Black Carrot (Daucus carota ssp. sativus var. atrorubens) Plants Promotes Growth, Accumulation of Anthocyanin, and Phenolic Compounds. Agronomy 2019, 9, 323. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9060323

AMA Style

Müller R, Acosta-Motos JR, Großkinsky DK, Hernández JA, Lütken H, Barba-Espin G. UV-B Exposure of Black Carrot (Daucus carota ssp. sativus var. atrorubens) Plants Promotes Growth, Accumulation of Anthocyanin, and Phenolic Compounds. Agronomy. 2019; 9(6):323. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9060323

Chicago/Turabian Style

Müller, Renate, José R. Acosta-Motos, Dominik K. Großkinsky, José A. Hernández, Henrik Lütken, and Gregorio Barba-Espin. 2019. "UV-B Exposure of Black Carrot (Daucus carota ssp. sativus var. atrorubens) Plants Promotes Growth, Accumulation of Anthocyanin, and Phenolic Compounds" Agronomy 9, no. 6: 323. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9060323

APA Style

Müller, R., Acosta-Motos, J. R., Großkinsky, D. K., Hernández, J. A., Lütken, H., & Barba-Espin, G. (2019). UV-B Exposure of Black Carrot (Daucus carota ssp. sativus var. atrorubens) Plants Promotes Growth, Accumulation of Anthocyanin, and Phenolic Compounds. Agronomy, 9(6), 323. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9060323

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