The Nitrification Inhibitor Vizura® Reduces N2O Emissions When Added to Digestate before Injection under Irrigated Maize in the Po Valley (Northern Italy)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Site
2.2. N2O-N Emissions
2.2.1. N2O-N Field Sampling
2.2.2. N2O-N Emissions Calculation
2.3. Bulk Density, Soil Nitrate Content, and Water-Filled Pore Space (WFPS)
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Weather Conditions
3.2. N2O-N Emissions
3.3. Bulk Density, NO3-N Content, and WFPS
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Year | |
---|---|---|
2016 | 2017 | |
Sand (%) | 56.5 | 43.7 |
Silt (%) | 24.9 | 38.8 |
Clay (%) | 18.6 | 18.5 |
pH | 6.8 | 6.7 |
Total N (g N kg−1) | 1.76 | 2.26 |
Years | Treatment | Application Method | Total Supplied N (kg N ha−1) | Supplied NH4-N (kg NH4-N ha−1) | Cumulative N2O-N Emissions (kg N2O-N ha−1) | EF (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2016 | D | Inter-row injection | 61 | 27.8 | 1.1 ± 0.2a | 1.8 ± 0.3a |
V | 0.52 ± 0.1b | 0.9 ± 0.2b | ||||
2017 | D | Tines harrow injection | 238 | 167.5 | 9.22 ± 1.2a | 3.9 ± 0.5a |
V | 1.73 ± 0.5b | 0.7 ± 0.2b |
Year | Depth (cm) | Bulk Density (Mg m−3) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
N0 | D | V | ||
2016 | 0–5 | 1.17 ± 0.5 | 1.33 ± 0.6 | 1.28 ± 0.6 |
5–10 | 1.48 ± 0.2 | 1.43 ± 0.2 | 1.42 ± 0.2 | |
10–15 | 1.37 ± 0.5 | 1.48 ± 0.6 | 1.52 ± 0.6 | |
15–20 | 1.53 ± 0.5 | 1.59 ± 0.5 | 1.45 ± 0.4 | |
20–25 | 1.83 ± 0.2 | 1.85 ± 0.2 | 1.77 ± 0.2 | |
2017 | 0–5 | 1.24 ± 0.5 | 1.13 ± 0.4 | 1.21 ± 0.5 |
5–10 | 1.39 ± 0.5 | 1.27 ± 0.5 | 1.29 ± 0.5 | |
10–15 | 1.45 ± 0.5 | 1.35 ± 0.4 | 1.47 ± 0.5 | |
15–20 | 1.60 ± 0.3 | 1.50 ± 0.3 | 1.55 ± 0.3 | |
20–25 | 1.57 ± 0.8 | 1.41 ± 0.7 | 1.65 ± 0.8 |
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Chiodini, M.E.; Perego, A.; Carozzi, M.; Acutis, M. The Nitrification Inhibitor Vizura® Reduces N2O Emissions When Added to Digestate before Injection under Irrigated Maize in the Po Valley (Northern Italy). Agronomy 2019, 9, 431. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9080431
Chiodini ME, Perego A, Carozzi M, Acutis M. The Nitrification Inhibitor Vizura® Reduces N2O Emissions When Added to Digestate before Injection under Irrigated Maize in the Po Valley (Northern Italy). Agronomy. 2019; 9(8):431. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9080431
Chicago/Turabian StyleChiodini, Marcello Ermido, Alessia Perego, Marco Carozzi, and Marco Acutis. 2019. "The Nitrification Inhibitor Vizura® Reduces N2O Emissions When Added to Digestate before Injection under Irrigated Maize in the Po Valley (Northern Italy)" Agronomy 9, no. 8: 431. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9080431