Analysis of the Effector Functions of Vδ2 γδ T Cells and NK Cells against Cholangiocarcinoma Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Derivation of Vδ2 γδ T Cells
2.2. Flow Cytometric Analysis
2.3. Microscopic Analysis
2.4. Maintenance of Human Cholangiocarcinoma Cell Lines
2.5. Time-Resolved Fluorescence-Based Short-Term Cellular Cytotoxicity Assay
2.6. Luciferase-Based Long-Term Cellular Cytotoxicity Assay
2.7. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for IFN-γ
2.8. Derivation of NK Cells
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Vδ2 γδ T Cells Exhibit Cytotoxic Activity against CCA Cells
3.2. Vδ2 γδ T Cells Require an Extended Timeframe to Exhibit Cytotoxicity against CCA Cells
3.3. TCR Signaling Facilitates the Effector Functions of Vδ2 γδ T Cells against CCA
3.4. CD16-Mediated Signaling Facilitates the Effector Functions of Vδ2 γδ T Cells against CCA
3.5. IL2/IL-18-Induced NK Cells Exhibited Potent Cellular Cytotoxicity against CCA Cells
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
6. Patents
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Kulma, I.; Na-Bangchang, K.; Carvallo Herrera, A.; Ndubuisi, I.T.; Iwasaki, M.; Tomono, H.; Morita, C.T.; Okamura, H.; Mukae, H.; Tanaka, Y. Analysis of the Effector Functions of Vδ2 γδ T Cells and NK Cells against Cholangiocarcinoma Cells. Cells 2024, 13, 1322. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13161322
Kulma I, Na-Bangchang K, Carvallo Herrera A, Ndubuisi IT, Iwasaki M, Tomono H, Morita CT, Okamura H, Mukae H, Tanaka Y. Analysis of the Effector Functions of Vδ2 γδ T Cells and NK Cells against Cholangiocarcinoma Cells. Cells. 2024; 13(16):1322. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13161322
Chicago/Turabian StyleKulma, Inthuon, Kesara Na-Bangchang, Andrea Carvallo Herrera, Ifeanyi Theodora Ndubuisi, Masashi Iwasaki, Hiromi Tomono, Craig T. Morita, Haruki Okamura, Hiroshi Mukae, and Yoshimasa Tanaka. 2024. "Analysis of the Effector Functions of Vδ2 γδ T Cells and NK Cells against Cholangiocarcinoma Cells" Cells 13, no. 16: 1322. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13161322