Immune Control of Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) Infection in HCMV-Seropositive Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: The Predictive Role of Different Immunological Assays
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Study Subjects
2.2. CFC-iDC, CFC-iCL and CFC-pp65 Pool Assays and Cytokine Flow Cytometry Staining
2.3. ELISPOT-iCL
2.4. ELISPOT-pp65 Peptide Pool
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Clinical Characteristics of the Patients Enrolled
3.2. Evaluation of HCMV-Specific T Cell Response in Controllers and Non-Controllers Using Five Different Immunological Assays
3.3. Comparison of Prognostic Performance of Five Different Immunological Assays and Determination of Cut-off Values for Protective T Cell Response
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | All Patients (n = 40) | Controllers (n = 24) | Non-Controllers (n = 16) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age, median [IQR] | 51 [45–58] | 51 [43–58] | 53 [45–59] | 0.401 |
Gender, n (%): | ||||
Male | 28 (70) | 15 (62) | 13 (81) | 0.290 |
Female | 12 (30) | 9 (38) | 3 (19) | |
Kind of Transplant, n (%): | ||||
KTR | 27 (67) | 17 (71) | 10 (63) | 0.683 |
LTR | 6 (15) | 4 (17) | 2 (12) | 0.684 |
HTR | 7 (18) | 3 (12) | 4 (25) | 0.591 |
Induction Therapy, n (%): | ||||
Basiliximab | 29 (72) | 17 (71) | 12 (75) | 0.457 |
ATG | 7 (17) | 5 (21) | 2 (12) | 0.418 |
Steroids | 40 (100) | 24 (100) | 16 (100) | 0.365 |
Maintenance Therapy, n (%): | ||||
FK506, MMF, MPRE | 33 (83) | 20 (83) | 13 (81) | 0.380 |
CyA, MMF, MPRE | 4 (10) | 3 (13) | 1 (7) | 0.458 |
FK506, Everolimus, MPRE | 3 (7) | 1 (4) | 2 (12) | 0.561 |
CFC-iDC CD4 | CFC-iDC CD8 | CFC-iCL CD4 | CFC-iCL CD8 | CFC-pp65 CD4 | CFC-pp65 CD8 | ELISPOT- iCL | ELISPOT-pp65 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AUC | 0.73 | 0.69 | 0.81 | 0.60 | 0.80 | 0.65 | 0.78 | 0.76 |
CUT-OFF (%) | 0.08 | 1.70 | 0.10 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.15 | 80 | 315 |
sensitivity (%) | 95 | 62 | 75 | 50 | 75 | 70 | 70 | 79 |
specificity (%) | 40 | 75 | 87 | 62 | 68 | 62 | 68 | 64 |
PPV (%) | 74 | 79 | 90 | 67 | 78 | 74 | 77 | 76 |
NPV (%) | 89 | 57 | 70 | 45 | 65 | 59 | 61 | 67 |
CFC-iDC CD4 | CFC-iDC CD8 | CFC-iCL CD4 | CFC-iCL CD8 | CFC-pp65 CD4 | CFC-pp65 CD8 | ELISPOT- iCL | ELISPOT-pp65 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AUC | 0.72 | 0.64 | 0.76 | 0.56 | 0.81 | 0.64 | 0.75 | 0.73 |
CUT-OFF | 0.4 | 2 | 0.4 | 2 | 0.4 | 2 | 0.1 | 0.5 |
sensitivity (%) | 95 | 76 | 71 | 33 | 50 | 50 | 71 | 62 |
specificity (%) | 44 | 31 | 75 | 94 | 81 | 75 | 69 | 75 |
PPV (%) | 72 | 66 | 85 | 89 | 86 | 76 | 77 | 76 |
NPV (%) | 85 | 50 | 65 | 48 | 54 | 52 | 61 | 58 |
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Zavaglio, F.; Cassaniti, I.; d’Angelo, P.; Zelini, P.; Comolli, G.; Gregorini, M.; Rampino, T.; Del Frate, L.; Meloni, F.; Pellegrini, C.; et al. Immune Control of Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) Infection in HCMV-Seropositive Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: The Predictive Role of Different Immunological Assays. Cells 2024, 13, 1325. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13161325
Zavaglio F, Cassaniti I, d’Angelo P, Zelini P, Comolli G, Gregorini M, Rampino T, Del Frate L, Meloni F, Pellegrini C, et al. Immune Control of Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) Infection in HCMV-Seropositive Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: The Predictive Role of Different Immunological Assays. Cells. 2024; 13(16):1325. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13161325
Chicago/Turabian StyleZavaglio, Federica, Irene Cassaniti, Piera d’Angelo, Paola Zelini, Giuditta Comolli, Marilena Gregorini, Teresa Rampino, Lucia Del Frate, Federica Meloni, Carlo Pellegrini, and et al. 2024. "Immune Control of Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) Infection in HCMV-Seropositive Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: The Predictive Role of Different Immunological Assays" Cells 13, no. 16: 1325. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13161325