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Review

Breath and Sputum Analyses in Asthmatic Patients: An Overview

by
Piera Soccio
1,*,
Carla Maria Irene Quarato
2,
Pasquale Tondo
1,2,
Donato Lacedonia
1,2,
Anela Hoxhallari
1,2,
Maria Pia Foschino Barbaro
1,2 and
Giulia Scioscia
1,2
1
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
2
Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Policlinico Riuniti of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Cells 2024, 13(16), 1355; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13161355
Submission received: 18 July 2024 / Revised: 10 August 2024 / Accepted: 13 August 2024 / Published: 14 August 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cell Biology: State-of-the-Art and Perspectives in Italy 2024)
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Abstract

Recent advancements in asthma management include non-invasive methodologies such as sputum analysis, exhaled breath condensate (EBC), and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). These techniques offer a means to assess airway inflammation, a critical feature of asthma, without invasive procedures. Sputum analysis provides detailed insights into airway inflammation patterns and cellular composition, guiding personalized treatment strategies. EBC collection, reflecting bronchoalveolar lining fluid composition, provides a non-invasive window into airway physiology. FeNO emerges as a pivotal biomarker, offering insights into eosinophilic airway inflammation and aiding in asthma diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and the prediction of exacerbation risks. Despite inherent limitations, each method offers valuable tools for a more comprehensive assessment of asthma. Combining these techniques with traditional methods like spirometry may lead to more personalized treatment plans and improved patient outcomes. Future research is crucial to refine protocols, validate biomarkers, and establish comprehensive guidelines in order to enhance asthma management with tailored therapeutic strategies and improved patient outcomes.
Keywords: sputum; EBC; FeNO; non-invasive methods; airway inflammation; asthma management sputum; EBC; FeNO; non-invasive methods; airway inflammation; asthma management

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MDPI and ACS Style

Soccio, P.; Quarato, C.M.I.; Tondo, P.; Lacedonia, D.; Hoxhallari, A.; Foschino Barbaro, M.P.; Scioscia, G. Breath and Sputum Analyses in Asthmatic Patients: An Overview. Cells 2024, 13, 1355. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13161355

AMA Style

Soccio P, Quarato CMI, Tondo P, Lacedonia D, Hoxhallari A, Foschino Barbaro MP, Scioscia G. Breath and Sputum Analyses in Asthmatic Patients: An Overview. Cells. 2024; 13(16):1355. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13161355

Chicago/Turabian Style

Soccio, Piera, Carla Maria Irene Quarato, Pasquale Tondo, Donato Lacedonia, Anela Hoxhallari, Maria Pia Foschino Barbaro, and Giulia Scioscia. 2024. "Breath and Sputum Analyses in Asthmatic Patients: An Overview" Cells 13, no. 16: 1355. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13161355

APA Style

Soccio, P., Quarato, C. M. I., Tondo, P., Lacedonia, D., Hoxhallari, A., Foschino Barbaro, M. P., & Scioscia, G. (2024). Breath and Sputum Analyses in Asthmatic Patients: An Overview. Cells, 13(16), 1355. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13161355

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