Cytokeratin 18 as a Novel Biomarker in Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Echocardiography
2.3. Laboratory Examination
2.4. SCD Risk Assessment and Classification in HCM
2.5. Immunohistochemistry of Human Postmortem Heart Tissue
Analysis of Confocal Images
2.6. Statistical Analysis
2.7. Ethical Approval
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of HCM and Non-HCM Group
3.2. Levels of CK18 and Its Caspase-Cleaved Product in the Blood Serum of Patients with HCM
3.3. M30 and M65 Expression in HCM Group with or without High Risk for SCD
3.4. Tissue Expression of CK18 in Postmortem Myocardial Specimens from an HCM or a Normal Heart
4. Discussion
5. Limitations
6. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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HCM (n = 46) | Non-HCM (n = 27) | Significance (p-Value) | |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 50 (±11) | 50 (±10) | 0.731 |
Male/Female | 36 (78.3%)/10 (21.7%) | 20 (74.1%)/7 (25.9%) | 0.777 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 29.8 (±5) | 29.5 (±6) | 0.807 |
Smoking | 21 (45.7%) | 12 (44.4%) | 1.000 |
Diabetes Mellitus | 9 (19.6%) | 4 (14.8%) | 0.756 |
Hypertension | 21 (45.7%) | 11 (40.7%) | 0.808 |
Dyslipidemia | 25 (54.3%) | 17 (63%) | 0.624 |
Atrial Fibrillation | 11 (23.9%) | 6 (22.2%) | 1.000 |
WBC (K/uL) | 7.2 (±1.7) | 7.9 (±2.5) | 0.185 |
Hgb (mg/dL) | 14 (±1) | 14 (±1) | 0.184 |
PLTs (K/uL) | 225 (±60) | 253 (±55) | 0.054 |
SGOT (U/L) | 28 (±11) | 25 (±8) | 0.157 |
SGPT (U/L) | 33 (±22) | 31 (±18) | 0.748 |
gGT (U/L) | 37 (±30) | 29 (±14) | 0.252 |
ALP (U/L) | 73 (±22) | 72 (±18) | 0.754 |
TB (mg/dL) | 0.8 (±0.7) | 0.7 (±0.3) | 0.460 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.03 (±0.18) | 1.01 (±0.20) | 0.703 |
Hs-CRP (mg/dL) | 0.53 (±0.69) | 0.25 (±0.28) | 0.050 |
HCM (n = 46) | Non-HCM (n = 27) | Significance (p-Value) | |
---|---|---|---|
LVEDD (mm) | 47 (±7) | 47 (±4) | 0.893 |
LVESD (mm) | 30 (±6) | 31 (±4) | 0.684 |
IVS (mm) | 18 (±4) | 10 (±2) | <0.001 |
PW (mm) | 11 (±2) | 9 (±1) | 0.005 |
MWT (mm) | 19 (±3) | 10 (±2) | <0.001 |
LV mass index (g/m2) | 137 (±30) | 77 (±23) | <0.001 |
Location of asymmetric LV hypertrophy | |||
IVS | 39 (84%) | - | |
Apex | 4 (9%) | - | |
Mixed | 3 (7%) | - | |
LVOTO (mmHg) | 14 (30%) 61 mmHg ± 35 | - | |
LVEF (%) | 58 (±8) | 60 (±4) | 0.435 |
GLS (%) | −14 (±6) | −20 (±2) | <0.001 |
LA diameter (mm) | 47 (±7) | 39 (±5) | <0.001 |
LA volume index (mL/m2) | 51(±18) | 29 (±10) | <0.001 |
E/e’ratio | 13 (±7) | 8 (±3) | <0.001 |
LA strain (reservoir) | 20 (±7) | 31 (±9) | <0.001 |
LA strain (conduit) | −10 (±5) | −15 (±5) | 0.001 |
LA strain (contraction) | −10 (±5) | −16 (±6) | <0.001 |
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Fragkiadakis, K.; Ktena, N.; Kalantidou, A.; Dermitzaki, E.; Anastasiou, I.; Papathanassiou, S.; Kontaraki, J.; Kalomoirakis, P.; Kanoupakis, E.; Patrianakos, A.; et al. Cytokeratin 18 as a Novel Biomarker in Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Cells 2024, 13, 1328. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13161328
Fragkiadakis K, Ktena N, Kalantidou A, Dermitzaki E, Anastasiou I, Papathanassiou S, Kontaraki J, Kalomoirakis P, Kanoupakis E, Patrianakos A, et al. Cytokeratin 18 as a Novel Biomarker in Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Cells. 2024; 13(16):1328. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13161328
Chicago/Turabian StyleFragkiadakis, Konstantinos, Niki Ktena, Aikaterini Kalantidou, Eirini Dermitzaki, Ioannis Anastasiou, Stamatis Papathanassiou, Joanna Kontaraki, Petros Kalomoirakis, Emmanuel Kanoupakis, Alexandros Patrianakos, and et al. 2024. "Cytokeratin 18 as a Novel Biomarker in Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy" Cells 13, no. 16: 1328. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13161328