The Role of the Trabecular Bone Score in the Assessment of Osteoarticular Disorders in Patients with HFE-Hemochromatosis: A Single-Center Study from Poland
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
- Serum calcium (Ca) concentrations, determined by spectrophotometry; the reference standard was 8.9–10.00 mg/dL.
- Serum phosphorus (Pi) concentration, determined by spectrophotometry; the reference standard was 2.3–4.7 mg/dL;
- Serum osteocalcin concentration, determined by the immunochemiluminescence method (ChLIA); the norms were 3.1–13.7 ng/mL;
- Serum vitamin 25-OH-D3 concentration, determined by the ChLIA method; the norms were 30–80 ng/mL;
- Serum intact parathyroid hormone (PTH int) concentration, determined by the ChLIA method; the norms were 4.6–58.1 pg/mL;
- Alkaline phosphatase (FALK) activity, determined by spectrophotometry; the norms were 44–115 U/L;
- Calcium excretion with diurnal urine (uCa), determined by spectrophotometry; the norms were 100–300 mg/24 h.
- DXA result of the femur;
- Age;
- Gender;
- Body weight;
- Growth;
- Clinical risk factors for fractures:
- Previous fracture;
- Broken hip in family history (parents);
- Coexisting diseases, including chronic liver disease;
- Use of glucocorticoids;
- Smoking;
- Alcohol consumption.
Statistical Methods
3. Results
3.1. Description of the Study Group
3.2. Osteoporosis and Parameters of Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism
3.3. Joint Pain
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mean | Me | Min–Max | |
---|---|---|---|
Age at study entry (years) | 53.14 | 55 | 25–73 |
Age at diagnosis (years) | 45.10 | 46 | 23–70 |
Number of phlebotomies | 25 | 14.5 | 1–178 |
Maximum ferritin concentration (women ref. standards 15–200 µg/L; men 150–300 µg/L) | 1014 | 800 | 126–3550 |
Average ferritin concentration (μg/L) | 601.70 | 358 | 60–2183 |
ALT (0–41 U/L) | 40 | 34 | 12–117 |
AST (0–40 U/L) | 31.83 | 28 | 8–77 |
Transferrin saturation (20–40%) | 86.59 | 90 | 60–100 |
Study Group | Control Group | Difference | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | Mean ± SEM | Q1 | Me | Q3 | N | Mean ± SEM | Q1 | Me | Q3 | Stat | p | |
BMD femur | 29 | 0.83 ± 0.02 | 0.73 | 0.81 | 0.90 | 19 | 0.82 ± 0.02 | 0.73 | 0.80 | 0.95 | 0.19 a | 0.846 |
BMD lumbar spine | 28 | 1.01 ± 0.03 | 0.90 | 1.03 | 1.13 | 19 | 1.05 ± 0.04 | 0.91 | 1.08 | 1.18 | 0.67 a | 0.508 |
BMD forearm | 29 | 0.73 ± 0.02 | 0.65 | 0.74 | 0.82 | 19 | 0,73 ± 0.02 | 0.64 | 0.74 | 0.81 | 0.13 a | 0.897 |
TBS | 28 | 1.29 ± 0.03 | 1.19 | 1.30 | 1.40 | 19 | 1.38 ± 0.03 | 1.31 | 1.40 | 1.50 | 361 b | 0.040 |
FRAX major (%) | 29 | 4.71 ± 1.23 | 1.0 | 3.2 | 4.7 | 19 | 2.42 ± 0.54 | 0.75 | 1.4 | 3.45 | 200.5 b | 0.116 |
FRAX femur (%) | 29 | 0.61 ± 0.19 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 19 | 0.37 ± 0.14 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 210.5 b | 0.166 |
Ca (mg/dL) | 27 | 9.62 ± 0.07 | 9.3 | 9.7 | 9.9 | 20 | 9.79 ± 0.09 | 9.57 | 9.79 | 10.02 | 336 b | 0.156 |
Pi (mg/dL) | 27 | 3.11 ± 0.09 | 2.85 | 3.1 | 3.4 | 20 | 3.1 ± 0.14 | 2.67 | 3.05 | 3.6 | 0.06 a | 0.954 |
25-OH-D3 (ng/mL) | 27 | 22.5 ± 2.04 | 15.2 | 23 | 29 | 19 | 29.88 ± 2.15 | 23.1 | 30 | 36.35 | 2.49 a | 0.017 |
FALK (U/L) | 27 | 76.04 ± 7.45 | 50 | 66 | 89 | 20 | 66.05 ± 3.80 | 53.25 | 66 | 78.25 | 261.5 b | 0.863 |
Calcium urine excretion (mg/24 h) | 24 | 153.1 ± 14.91 | 107.5 | 118.5 | 185 | 19 | 155.2 ± 17.28 | 103 | 138 | 204.5 | 237 b | 0.835 |
Osteocalcin (ng/mL) | 22 | 5.19 ± 0.63 | 3.05 | 4.1 | 6.35 | 18 | 5.71 ± 0.67 | 3.25 | 4.9 | 6.875 | 229.5 b | 0.399 |
PTH int (pg/mL) | 27 | 28.31 ± 3.05 | 19.55 | 26 | 30.40 | 20 | 20.3 ± 2.14 | 14.68 | 17.8 | 20.25 | 161.5 b | 0.020 |
Osteoporosis/Osteopenia | No Osteoporosis/Osteopenia | Difference | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | Mean ± SEM | Q1 | Me | Q3 | N | Mean ± SEM | Q1 | Me | Q3 | U | p | |
GGTP (U/L) | 12 | 32.75 ± 5.78 | 19.0 | 32.75 | 37.75 | 15 | 47.67 ± 12.29 | 23.5 | 35 | 49.5 | 102 | 0.574 |
Bilirubin (mg/dL) | 12 | 0.86 ± 0.13 | 0.6 | 0.75 | 0.925 | 15 | 0.78 ± 0.05 | 0.67 | 0.73 | 0.8 | 88 | 0.941 |
AST (U/L) | 12 | 27.92 ± 3.35 | 21.25 | 24.5 | 30.75 | 16 | 330.06 ± 4.59 | 19.75 | 29.5 | 39 | 109.5 | 0.545 |
ALT (U/L) | 12 | 33.17 ± 5.99 | 14.75 | 22 | 51.75 | 16 | 43.81 ± 7.78 | 20.75 | 35 | 56.25 | 115.5 | 0.378 |
Ferritin max (μg/L) | 12 | 1101.6 ± 327.43 | 402.5 | 712.5 | 1065 | 16 | 949 ± 187.46 | 481 | 725 | 1094 | 96.5 | 0.999 |
Ferritin average (μg/L) | 12 | 604.2 ± 168.96 | 247.8 | 377.5 | 659.5 | 16 | 604.9 ± 149.41 | 289.8 | 337.5 | 568.8 | 99 | 0.907 |
FALK (U/L) | 12 | 90.25 ± 14.12 | 56.75 | 76 | 94 | 14 | 62.5 ± 6.44 | 48 | 55 | 68.25 | 46.5 | 0.057 |
Fe (μg/dL) | 12 | 199.7 ± 16.27 | 194.8 | 212 | 224.8 | 16 | 235.2 ± 8.88 | 205 | 238.5 | 261.5 | 131.5 | 0.104 |
Transferrin sat. (%) | 12 | 87.67 ± 3.49 | 85 | 90.5 | 95.75 | 16 | 85.75 ± 2.99 | 77.5 | 90 | 93.5 | 85.5 | 0.641 |
PTH int (pg/mL) | 12 | 26.81 ± 3.28 | 17.98 | 27.5 | 34 | 14 | 30.34 ± 5.19 | 21.75 | 26.5 | 28.82 | 80 | 0.857 |
Ca (mg/dL) | 12 | 9.62 ± 0.12 | 9.375 | 9.65 | 9.925 | 14 | 9.62 ± 0.10 | 9.3 | 9.75 | 9.875 | 81 | 0.897 |
Pi (mg/dL) | 12 | 3.02 ± 0.13 | 2.825 | 3.05 | 3.15 | 14 | 3.2 ± 0.12 | 2.85 | 3.1 | 3.5 | 100.5 | 0.408 |
25-OH-D3 (ng/mL) | 12 | 24.51 ± 2.72 | 16.25 | 25.5 | 30.02 | 14 | 20.67 ± 3.17 | 12.4 | 20.5 | 25.0 | 60 | 0.226 |
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Banaszkiewicz, K.; Sikorska, K.; Panas, D.; Sworczak, K. The Role of the Trabecular Bone Score in the Assessment of Osteoarticular Disorders in Patients with HFE-Hemochromatosis: A Single-Center Study from Poland. Genes 2021, 12, 1304. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12091304
Banaszkiewicz K, Sikorska K, Panas D, Sworczak K. The Role of the Trabecular Bone Score in the Assessment of Osteoarticular Disorders in Patients with HFE-Hemochromatosis: A Single-Center Study from Poland. Genes. 2021; 12(9):1304. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12091304
Chicago/Turabian StyleBanaszkiewicz, Katarzyna, Katarzyna Sikorska, Damian Panas, and Krzysztof Sworczak. 2021. "The Role of the Trabecular Bone Score in the Assessment of Osteoarticular Disorders in Patients with HFE-Hemochromatosis: A Single-Center Study from Poland" Genes 12, no. 9: 1304. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12091304