Variations in NSP1 of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Isolated in China from 1996 to 2022

Zhang, Zhiqing; Zhang, Hang; Luo, Qin; Zheng, Yajie; Kong, Weili; Huang, Liangzong; Zhao, Mengmeng

doi:10.3390/genes14071435

Open AccessArticle

Variations in NSP1 of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Isolated in China from 1996 to 2022

by

Zhiqing Zhang

^1,†,

Hang Zhang

^1,†,

Qin Luo

¹,

Yajie Zheng

¹,

Weili Kong

²

,

Liangzong Huang

^1,* and

Mengmeng Zhao

^1,*

¹

School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China

²

Gladstone Institutes of Virology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These authors contributed equally to this work and share first authorship.

Genes 2023, 14(7), 1435; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14071435

Submission received: 11 June 2023 / Revised: 3 July 2023 / Accepted: 11 July 2023 / Published: 12 July 2023

(This article belongs to the Section Animal Genetics and Genomics)

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Abstract

Since its successful isolation in China in 1995, the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has been mutating into highly pathogenic strains by constantly changing pathogenicity and genetic makeup. In this study, we investigated the prevalence and genetic variation of nonstructural protein 1 (NSP1) in PRRSV-2, the main strain prevalent in China. After formulating hypotheses regarding the biology of the NSP1 protein, the nucleotide and amino acid similarity of NSP1 were analyzed and compared in 193 PRRSV-2 strains. The results showed that NSP1 has a stable hydrophobic protein with a molecular weight of 43,060.76 Da. Although NSP1 lacked signal peptides, it could regulate host cell signaling. Furthermore, NSP1 of different strains had high nucleotide (79.6–100%) and amino acid similarity (78.6–100%). In the amino acid sequence comparison of 15 representative strains of PRRSV-2, multiple amino acid substitution sites were found in NSP1. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that lineages 1 and 8 had different evolutionary branches with long genetic distances. This study lays the foundation for an in-depth understanding of the nature and genetic variation of NSP1 and the development of a safe and effective vaccine in the future.

Keywords: porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus; porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome; NSP1; variations

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zhang, Z.; Zhang, H.; Luo, Q.; Zheng, Y.; Kong, W.; Huang, L.; Zhao, M. Variations in NSP1 of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Isolated in China from 1996 to 2022. Genes 2023, 14, 1435. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14071435

AMA Style

Zhang Z, Zhang H, Luo Q, Zheng Y, Kong W, Huang L, Zhao M. Variations in NSP1 of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Isolated in China from 1996 to 2022. Genes. 2023; 14(7):1435. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14071435

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhang, Zhiqing, Hang Zhang, Qin Luo, Yajie Zheng, Weili Kong, Liangzong Huang, and Mengmeng Zhao. 2023. "Variations in NSP1 of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Isolated in China from 1996 to 2022" Genes 14, no. 7: 1435. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14071435

APA Style

Zhang, Z., Zhang, H., Luo, Q., Zheng, Y., Kong, W., Huang, L., & Zhao, M. (2023). Variations in NSP1 of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Isolated in China from 1996 to 2022. Genes, 14(7), 1435. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14071435

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Variations in NSP1 of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Isolated in China from 1996 to 2022

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