Screening Wheat Genotypes for Specific Genes Linked to Drought Tolerance
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Material
2.2. Experimental Layout
2.3. Traits Measured
2.4. Selection of Genotypes Tolerant to Drought Stress
2.5. Statistical Analyses of the Phenotypic Data
2.6. Molecular Screening for the Best Wheat Genotypes under Drought Stress
2.6.1. DNA Extraction
2.6.2. Drought-Specific Markers
2.6.3. Gel Electrophoresis
3. Results
3.1. Effects of Drought Stress on the Studied Traits
3.2. Genetic Variation in Yield Traits under Drought Stress
3.3. Gene Screening for the Drought-Tolerant Wheat Genotypes
4. Discussion
4.1. Phenotypic and Genetic Variation in Drought Tolerance
4.2. Molecular Screening for the Tested Wheat Genotypes in This Study
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
N | Normal conditions |
D | Drought conditions |
SPL | Spike length |
GNPS | Grain number per spike |
NSPS | Number of spikelets per spike |
GYPS | Grain yield per spike |
RDD | Reduction due to drought effect |
TFs | Transcription factors |
RCBD | Randomized complete block design |
ASR | Average of sum ranks |
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Source | DF | SPL | NSPS | GNPS | GYPS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Y | 1 | 21.875 ** | 5.59 * | 1739.85 ** | 3.21 * |
T | 1 | 0.096 | 0.0182 | 51.07 | 0.23 |
R | 1 | 12.99 * | 2.16 | 2420.13 ** | 2.11 * |
G | 6 | 243.93 ** | 45.64 ** | 1570.55 ** | 3.14 ** |
GY | 6 | 7.04 ** | 2.52 * | 145.8 | 0.182 |
GT | 6 | 1.11 | 1.98 | 120.25 | 0.143 |
GRTY | 34 | 0.48 | 102.21 | 1.11 | 1.77 |
Item | Year | Normal | Drought | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SPL | NSPS | GNPS | GYPS | SPL | NSPS | GNPS | GYPS | ||
Minimum | 2020/2021 | 7.67 | 23 | 69 | 3.07 | 7.67 | 23 | 56.33 | 3.37 |
2021/2022 | 7.67 | 21.67 | 60 | 3.45 | 8 | 25 | 58 | 2.99 | |
Maximum | 2020/2021 | 29 | 31.67 | 119.33 | 6.56 | 20.67 | 30.33 | 100.67 | 5.46 |
2021/2022 | 26.67 | 33.67 | 149 | 7.77 | 20.67 | 31 | 110.67 | 5.48 | |
Mean | 2020/2021 | 14.17 | 27.79 | 87.83 | 4.7 | 13.02 | 27.12 | 78.25 | 4.18 |
2021/2022 | 14.19 | 27.79 | 91.31 | 4.78 | 12.83 | 27.19 | 78.6 | 4.35 |
Control | Drought | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SPL | NSPS | NSPS | GYPS | SPL | NSPS | NSPS | GYPS |
0.98 ** | 0.92 ** | 0.85 ** | 0.72 ** | 0.99 ** | 0.89 ** | 0.83 ** | 0.98 ** |
Season | 2020/2021 | 2021/2022 | Average | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genotype | SPL | NSPS | GNPS | GYPS | SPL | NSPS | GNPS | GYPS | |
Giza-36 | 4 | 3.8 | 6.5 | 4 | 4.4 | 5.8 | 6.1 | 3.8 | 4.8 |
Omara 002 | 3.9 | 2.7 | 5.7 | 5.4 | 4.2 | 2.8 | 5.4 | 5.9 | 4.5 |
GIMMIZA11 | 2 | 4.7 | 3.8 | 4.2 | 2.3 | 4.2 | 3 | 1.6 | 3.225 |
Omara 007 | 3.4 | 4.2 | 2.4 | 1.4 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 2.7 | 3.1 | 3 |
Sohag-5 | 3.8 | 6.4 | 1.4 | 2 | 5.1 | 4.4 | 1.6 | 2.9 | 3.45 |
PI469072 | 5.5 | 4 | 4.5 | 5.4 | 3.8 | 4.4 | 4.8 | 5.4 | 4.725 |
PI525241 | 5.4 | 2 | 3.7 | 5.6 | 4.8 | 2.7 | 4.4 | 5.3 | 4.2375 |
No. of Genotypes | Genotype | Country | BIN1 | NIM1 | RHD2 | OAT | OBF5 | PEPR1 | EDS1 | DREB1-A1 | DREB1-A2 | DREB1-D | DREB1-D2 | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Giza-36 | Egypt | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
2 | Omara 002 | Egypt | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 9 |
3 | GIMMIZA11 | Egypt | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 7 |
4 | Omara 007 | Egypt | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
5 | Sohag-5 | Egypt | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
6 | PI469072 | Greece | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
7 | PI525241 | Morocco | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 |
Total | 2 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 4 |
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Sallam, A.; El-Defrawy, M.M.H.; Dawood, M.F.A.; Hashem, M. Screening Wheat Genotypes for Specific Genes Linked to Drought Tolerance. Genes 2024, 15, 1119. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15091119
Sallam A, El-Defrawy MMH, Dawood MFA, Hashem M. Screening Wheat Genotypes for Specific Genes Linked to Drought Tolerance. Genes. 2024; 15(9):1119. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15091119
Chicago/Turabian StyleSallam, Ahmed, Mohamed M. H. El-Defrawy, Mona F. A. Dawood, and Mostafa Hashem. 2024. "Screening Wheat Genotypes for Specific Genes Linked to Drought Tolerance" Genes 15, no. 9: 1119. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15091119