The Role of the Large T Antigen in the Molecular Pathogenesis of Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Abstract
:1. Introduction to Merkel Cell Carcinoma
2. The Merkel Cell Polyomavirus
2.1. General Properties of the Virus
2.2. The Large T Antigen
3. MCPyV-Mediated Carcinogenesis
3.1. Truncating Mutations in the Large T Antigen
3.2. Somatic Integration of MCPyV Viral DNA
3.3. Carcinogenic Effects of truncLT
3.3.1. Disruption of the Binding of pRb and E2F Transcription Factors
3.3.2. Interaction with p53
3.3.3. Deregulation of mi-375 by Protein Atonal Homolog 1 (ATOH1)
4. Immune Escape Mechanisms of MCPyV
4.1. Downregulation of TLR9 Maintains Chronic Infection of the Cell
4.2. MHC-Dependent Immune Escape
5. LT-Based Treatment Strategies in MCC
5.1. T-Cell-Based Immunotherapy
5.2. Large T Antigen-Based Vaccine Approaches
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Myrda, J.; Bremm, F.; Schaft, N.; Dörrie, J. The Role of the Large T Antigen in the Molecular Pathogenesis of Merkel Cell Carcinoma. Genes 2024, 15, 1127. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15091127
Myrda J, Bremm F, Schaft N, Dörrie J. The Role of the Large T Antigen in the Molecular Pathogenesis of Merkel Cell Carcinoma. Genes. 2024; 15(9):1127. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15091127
Chicago/Turabian StyleMyrda, Julia, Franziska Bremm, Niels Schaft, and Jan Dörrie. 2024. "The Role of the Large T Antigen in the Molecular Pathogenesis of Merkel Cell Carcinoma" Genes 15, no. 9: 1127. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15091127