Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping of Heading Date in Wheat under Phosphorus Stress Conditions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Materials and Plot Design
2.2. Phenotypic Evaluation and Data Analysis
2.3. Genetic Linkage Map Construction and QTL Mapping
2.4. Identification of Candidate Genes
3. Results
3.1. Phenotypic Evaluation
3.2. Genetic Linkage Map Construction
3.3. QTL Mapping for Heading Date under Different Phosphorus Conditions
3.4. Additive Effects Analysis of the Five Major QTLs
3.5. Prediction and Analysis of Candidate Genes for Qhd.saw-3A.8, Qhd.saw-3A.9, and Qhd.saw-4D.3
4. Discussion
4.1. The Impact of Phosphorus Stress on Wheat Heading Date
4.2. Comparison of Stable and Major QTLs with Previous Studies
4.3. Candidate Gene Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parent | DH Population | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jinmai 47 | Jinmai 84 | Mean | SD | Range | Kurtosis | Skewness | H2 | |
E1 | 190.33 ** | 196.67 | 194.27 | 2.41 | 189–199 | −0.86 | −0.06 | 0.8171 |
E2 | 189.33 ** | 198.67 | 193.66 | 2.68 | 188–199 | −0.93 | −0.04 | |
E3 | 189.67 ** | 196.67 | 192.93 | 2.48 | 187–197 | −0.42 | −0.73 | |
E4 | 189.33 ** | 195.67 | 193.02 | 2.58 | 187–198 | −1.27 | −0.40 | |
E5 | 188.33 ** | 194.67 | 191.62 | 2.54 | 187–197 | −0.61 | −0.11 | |
E6 | 188.67 ** | 195.67 | 192.04 | 2.38 | 187–198 | −0.09 | −0.04 | |
BLUP | 189.53 ** | 196.09 | 192.90 | 2.01 | 188.50–197.03 | −0.82 | −0.17 |
QTL | Environment | LOD | Add. | R2 | Left Marker | Right Marker | Interval (cM) | Physical Interval (Mb) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Qhd.saw-1B.1 | E2\E5\BLUP | 2.66–3.21 | −0.52–−0.32 | 2.64–3.82 | 1B_654087630 | 1B_643455303 | 55.9–69.9 | 654.087–643.455 |
Qhd.saw-1B.2 | E2 | 2.65 | −0.48 | 3.17 | 1B_454990828 | 1B_378500287 | 169.3–177.7 | 454.990–378.500 |
Qhd.saw-2B.1 | E6 | 2.61 | 0.45 | 3.91 | 2B_122765594 | 2B_95067270 | 102.4–108.5 | 122.765–95.067 |
Qhd.saw-2B.2 | E6 | 2.88 | 0.47 | 4.29 | 2B_72594141 | 2B_67981922 | 119.1–123.6 | 72.594–67.981 |
Qhd.saw-3A.1 | E4\E5 | 3.06–4.81 | −0.63–−0.55 | 4.45–6.74 | 3A_33447270 | 3A_60938981 | 77.7–86.9 | 33.447–60.938 |
Qhd.saw-3A.2 | E5 | 4.79 | −0.63 | 6.70 | 3A_69702468 | 3A_106442355 | 89.5–93.0 | 69.702–106.442 |
Qhd.saw-3A.3 | E5 | 6.55 | −0.73 | 8.99 | 3A_179770248 | 3A_207453847 | 98.5–101.0 | 179.770–207.453 |
Qhd.saw-3A.4 | E5 | 7.55 | −0.78 | 10.25 | 3A_484578779 | 3A_477796895 | 108.5–109.9 | 484.578–477.796 |
Qhd.saw-3A.5 | E4 | 4.13 | −0.63 | 5.94 | 3A_492185407 | 3A_525825022 | 112.4–115.4 | 492.185–525.825 |
Qhd.saw-3A.6 | E4\E5 | 3.84–9.24 | −0.91–−0.61 | 5.55–13.88 | 3A_534326783 | 3A_597825929 | 123.5–131.4 | 534.326–597.825 |
Qhd.saw-3A.7 | E2\E4\E5\BLUP | 5.37–12.81 | −0.92–−0.71 | 7.61–14.65 | 3A_609429465 | 3A_623405134 | 135.7–139.5 | 609.429–623.405 |
Qhd.saw-3A.8 | E1\E2\E3\E4\E5\E6\BLUP | 5.51–14.03 | −0.94–−0.72 | 7.80–15.83 | 3A_650835555 | 3A_655885348 | 142.0–149.4 | 650.835–655.885 |
Qhd.saw-3A.9 | E1\E2\E4\E5\E6\BLUP | 5.72–12.85 | −0.92–−0.69 | 8.40–14.97 | 3A_681755353 | 3A_688622043 | 152.8–157.0 | 681.755–688.622 |
Qhd.saw-3A.10 | E5 | 8.40 | −0.89 | 13.49 | 3A_688693273 | 3A_701009953 | 160.7–167.6 | 688.693–701.009 |
Qhd.saw-3B.1 | BLUP | 2.57 | 0.31 | 2.39 | 3B_585846704 | 3B_592694374 | 98.9–110.5 | 585.846–592.694 |
Qhd.saw-3B.2 | E1 | 2.67 | 0.44 | 3.18 | 3B_592694374 | 3B_508486802 | 110.5–119.8 | 592.694–508.486 |
Qhd.saw-4A.1 | E3\E6 | 3.48–4.09 | 0.51–0.54 | 4.56–5.65 | 4A_700964251 | 4A_644613024 | 39.1–58.9 | 700.964–644.613 |
Qhd.saw-4A.2 | E3\E6 | 3.71–4.47 | 0.54–0.57 | 5.63–5.67 | 4A_644613024 | 4A_672508553 | 58.9–73.9 | 644.613–672.508 |
Qhd.saw-4A.3 | BLUP | 5.73 | 0.49 | 6.12 | 4A_672508567 | 4A_672508702 | 79.2–79.8 | 672.508–672.508 |
Qhd.saw-4A.4 | E1\E2\E5\E6\BLUP | 3.08–8.38 | 0.53–0.84 | 4.73–12.04 | 4A_676486292 | 4A_638262359 | 86.3–96.7 | 676.486–638.262 |
Qhd.saw-4A.5 | E1\E2\E5\BLUP | 2.84–6.59 | 0.48–0.73 | 4.42–9.13 | 4A_638262359 | 4A_635663690 | 97.8–104.2 | 638.262–635.663 |
Qhd.saw-4A.6 | E6 | 4.32 | 0.56 | 6.03 | 4A_639942192 | 4A_620278986 | 99.9–113.2 | 639.942–620.278 |
Qhd.saw-4A.7 | E5 | 2.93 | 0.55 | 4.95 | 4A_604578311 | 4A_572876583 | 156.9–176.9 | 604.578–572.876 |
Qhd.saw-4B.1 | E1\E3\BLUP | 2.78–4.55 | −0.46–−0.42 | 3.54–4.58 | 4B_494243528 | 4B_570190409 | 50.7–58.9 | 494.243–570.190 |
Qhd.saw-4B.2 | BLUP | 4.35 | −0.41 | 4.40 | 4B_570190409 | 4B_618027704 | 58.9–65.7 | 570.190–618.027 |
Qhd.saw-4B.3 | E3 | 2.64 | −0.45 | 3.45 | 4B_621814323 | 4B_642460586 | 67.5–75.5 | 621.814–642.460 |
Qhd.saw-4D.1 | E4 | 2.52 | −0.69 | 4.22 | 4D_481390025 | 4D_433505595 | 0.0–9.1 | 481.390–433.505 |
Qhd.saw-4D.2 | E2 | 6.57 | −0.84 | 9.74 | 4D_48697668 | 4D_28547729 | 35.9–38.9 | 48.697–28.547 |
Qhd.saw-4D.3 | E1\E2\E3\E4\E5\BLUP | 4.46–22.14 | −1.32–−0.97 | 8.35–29.52 | 4D_28547729 | 4D_15772687 | 39.6–46.9 | 28.547–15.772 |
Qhd.saw-5A.1 | E1 | 2.55 | −0.44 | 3.26 | 5A_462122669 | 5A_467547080 | 190.4–193.4 | 462.122–467.547 |
Qhd.saw-5A.2 | E1\E3\E6 | 3.12–4.31 | −0.58–−0.48 | 3.96–5.70 | 5A_467547080 | 5A_445264090 | 193.6–209.5 | 467.547–445.264 |
Qhd.saw-5A.3 | E3 | 3.75 | −0.55 | 5.27 | 5A_445264090 | 5A_445832627 | 211.3–214.4 | 445.264–445.832 |
Qhd.saw-5A.4 | BLUP | 5.05 | −0.46 | 5.33 | 5A_395317374 | 5A_47016091 | 236.6–245.9 | 395.317–47.016 |
Qhd.saw-5D.1 | E2\E6\BLUP | 2.77–3.10 | −0.54–−0.32 | 2.58–4.26 | 5D_390409478 | 5D_370312603 | 0.0–7.0 | 390.409–370.312 |
Qhd.saw-5D.2 | E2\E6\BLUP | 3.24–3.77 | −0.58–−0.35 | 3.20–4.83 | 5D_370312603 | 5D_259452342 | 7.0–20.2 | 370.312–259.452 |
Qhd.saw-5D.3 | E4\BLUP | 2.81–3.07 | −0.52–−0.34 | 2.90–4.10 | 5D_138877074 | 5D_34236785 | 26.2–33.5 | 138.877–34.236 |
Qhd.saw-5D.4 | E5 | 3.19 | −0.54 | 4.97 | 5D_47009022 | 5D_21550073 | 31.2–38.4 | 47.009–21.550 |
Qhd.saw-7B.1 | E2 | 4.62 | −0.66 | 6.07 | 7B_725766535 | 7B_725723913 | 0.0–2.5 | 725.766–725.723 |
Qhd.saw-7B.2 | E2\BLUP | 4.01–5.27 | −0.70–−0.38 | 3.67–6.86 | 7B_718449045 | 7B_712710871 | 8.0–17.5 | 718.449–712.710 |
Qhd.saw-3A.7 | Qhd.saw-3A.8 | Qhd.saw-3A.9 | Qhd.saw-4A.4 | Qhd.saw-4D.3 | Sample Size | HD (d) | Difference | Percent (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
+ | + | + | + | + | 24 | 195.72 ± 1.06 a | 4.58 | 2.40 |
− | + | − | + | + | 1 | 195.66 ± 0.00 ab | 4.53 | 2.37 |
− | + | + | + | + | 1 | 195.51 ± 0.00 abc | 4.37 | 2.29 |
− | − | + | + | + | 1 | 195.20 ± 0.00 abcd | 4.06 | 2.13 |
+ | + | + | − | + | 18 | 195.01 ± 1.52 abcd | 3.88 | 2.03 |
− | − | + | − | − | 1 | 194.89 ± 0.00 abcde | 3.75 | 1.96 |
− | − | + | − | + | 5 | 194.33 ± 0.64 bcde | 3.19 | 1.67 |
− | − | − | + | + | 22 | 194.29 ± 1.23 bcde | 3.15 | 1.65 |
+ | + | − | + | − | 1 | 193.81 ± 0.00 bcdef | 2.67 | 1.40 |
+ | + | + | + | − | 29 | 193.64 ± 1.54 bcdef | 2.50 | 1.31 |
+ | + | + | − | − | 26 | 192.70 ± 1.28 cdef | 1.56 | 0.82 |
− | − | − | − | + | 16 | 192.50 ± 1.68 def | 1.36 | 0.71 |
− | − | − | + | − | 31 | 192.27 ± 1.69 ef | 1.13 | 0.59 |
− | − | − | − | − | 23 | 191.14 ± 1.20 f | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Chr. | Left Marker | Right Marker | Physical Interval (Mb) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
3A | wPt-4669 | wPt-1665 | 279.47–432.91 | Luo et al., 2016 [36] |
3A | wPt-3041 | wPt-4868 | 9.14–13.50 | Rustgi et al., 2013 [37] |
3A | IWB41929 | - | 714.43 | Li et al., 2018 [38] |
3A | IWB8499 | - | 638.45 | Li et al., 2018 [38] |
3A | IWB64668 | - | 176.56 | Li et al., 2018 [38] |
3A | IWA2738 | - | 13.90 | Addison et al., 2016 [39] |
3A | gwm247 | - | 197.43 | Lee et al., 2014 [40] |
3A | IWA7159 | IWA4298 | 569.43–649.03 | Mohler et al., 2016 [34] |
3A | gwm133 | - | 509.54 | Cuthbert et al., 2008 [41] |
3A | mag1166 | wPt-9369 | 14.85 | Fan et al., 2019 [35] |
3A | wmc264 | - | 625.79 | Griffiths et al., 2009 [42] |
3A | wmc532-wmc50 | - | 68.87 | El-Feki et al., 2018 [43] |
4A | barc1158 | - | 619.56 | Sherman et al., 2014 [44] |
4A | Jagger_c4331_105 | BS00040647_51 | 606.40–594.66 | Hu et al., 2020 [3] |
4A | Kukri_c74409_199 | - | 37.77 | Chen et al., 2020 [45] |
4A | ACT/CAG-1 | AAC/CAA-3 | 695.97 | Nezhad et al., 2019 [46] |
4A | IWA8209 | IWA2761 | 615.71–626.06 | Mohler et al., 2016 [34] |
4A | AX-89555314 | AX-89450319 | 2.95–6.04 | Fan et al., 2019 [35] |
4A | AX-95239105 | AX-111711476 | 669.58 | Fan et al., 2019 [35] |
4D | wPt-0941 | wPt-2379 | 52.63–196.64 | Sherman et al., 2014 [44] |
QTL Name | Chr. | Gene | Physical Interval (Mb) | Rice Homologous Gene | Function Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Qhd.saw-3A.9 | 3A | TraesCS3A02G595800LC | 688.570216–688.570572 | - | Calcium-dependent lipid-binding (CaLB domain) family protein |
Qhd.saw-3A.9 | 3A | TraesCS3A02G446400 | 686.910184–686.911554 | - | Kelch repeat-containing F-box protein-like |
Qhd.saw-3A.9 | 3A | TraesCS3A02G587100LC | 683.081967–683.085806 | - | UDP-glycosyltransferase 84A1 |
Qhd.saw-3A.9 | 3A | TraesCS3A02G440800 | 683.399747–683.402388 | Os01t0926600-01 | glycosyltransferase family exostosin protein |
Qhd.saw-3A.9 | 3A | TraesCS3A02G440100 | 683.335397–683.338550 | Os01t0926600-01 | glycosyltransferase family exostosin protein |
Qhd.saw-4D.3 | 4D | TraesCS4D02G038700 | 17.057650–17.059578 | - | Zinc finger family protein |
Qhd.saw-4D.3 | 4D | TraesCS4D02G046200 | 22.217295–22.219478 | Os03t0711100-01 | CONSTANS-like zinc finger protein |
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Yang, B.; Qiao, L.; Zheng, X.; Zheng, J.; Wu, B.; Li, X.; Zhao, J. Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping of Heading Date in Wheat under Phosphorus Stress Conditions. Genes 2024, 15, 1150. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15091150
Yang B, Qiao L, Zheng X, Zheng J, Wu B, Li X, Zhao J. Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping of Heading Date in Wheat under Phosphorus Stress Conditions. Genes. 2024; 15(9):1150. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15091150
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Bin, Ling Qiao, Xingwei Zheng, Jun Zheng, Bangbang Wu, Xiaohua Li, and Jiajia Zhao. 2024. "Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping of Heading Date in Wheat under Phosphorus Stress Conditions" Genes 15, no. 9: 1150. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15091150