Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from an Open-Circuit Dry Cleaning Machine Using a Petroleum-Based Organic Solvent: Implications for Impacts on Air Quality
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Dry Cleaning Process
2.2. VOC Sampling and Analysis
2.3. Statistical Analysis
2.4. Estimation of POCP and SOAP
2.4.1. Estimation of POCP
2.4.2. Estimation of SOAP
3. Results
3.1. Concentrations of VOCs during Dry Cleaning Process
3.2. Emission Factors for VOC Species
3.3. Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential (POCP) of VOCs
3.4. Second Organic Aerosol Potential (SOAP) of VOCs
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Compounds | Mass Generated | Compounds | Mass Generated | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(1) | Decane | 2,035,713 | (19) | Acrolein | 15,349 |
(2) | Nonane | 1,362,064 | (20) | 2-Methylpentane | 7512 |
(3) | n-Undecane | 1,292,821 | (21) | Methyl ethyl ketone | 6191 |
(4) | Hexane | 1,093,942 | (22) | Benzene | 4835 |
(5) | 1,2-Dichloroethane | 827,240 | (23) | Ethylbenzene | 4733 |
(6) | Methylene chloride | 709,959 | (24) | Tetrachloroethylene | 4446 |
(7) | Acetone | 627,845 | (25) | Heptane | 3702 |
(8) | Octane | 258,671 | (26) | Pentane | 3311 |
(9) | n-Dodecane | 126,620 | (27) | 1-Butene | 2614 |
(10) | Methylcyclopentane | 92,477 | (28) | Methyl methacrylate | 2241 |
(11) | Cyclohexane | 86,727 | (29) | Styrene | 1959 |
(12) | 2-Methylheptane | 37,636 | (30) | Methyl isobutyl ketone | 1712 |
(13) | 3-Methylheptane | 29,288 | (31) | m, p-Xylene | 1649 |
(14) | Toluene | 25,930 | (32) | Ethyl acetate | 748 |
(15) | Isopentane | 24,410 | (33) | Butane | 743 |
(16) | 3-Methylpentane | 16,969 | (34) | Vinyl Acetate | 726 |
(17) | Tetra hydrofuran | 16,345 | (35) | Isoprene | 632 |
(18) | Methylcyclohexane | 15,493 | (36) | Hexene | 250 |
Compounds | POCP-Value | POCPweighted-emission | |
---|---|---|---|
(1) | Decane | 45 | 91.6 |
(2) | Nonane | 45 | 61.3 |
(3) | n-Undecane | 40 | 51.7 |
(4) | Hexane | 40 | 43.8 |
(5) | Octane | 50 | 12.9 |
(6) | n-Dodecane | 45 | 5.7 |
(7) | Methylcyclopentane | 50 | 4.6 |
(8) | Cyclohexane | 25 | 2.2 |
(9) | 2-Methylheptane | 50 | 1.9 |
(10) | Toluene | 55 | 1.4 |
Compounds | SOAP-Value | SOAPweighted-emission | |
---|---|---|---|
(1) | n-Undecane | 16.2 | 20.9 |
(2) | Decane | 7 | 14.2 |
(3) | n-Dodecane | 34.5 | 4.4 |
(4) | Toluene | 100 | 2.6 |
(5) | Nonane | 1.9 | 2.6 |
(6) | Ethylbenzene | 111.6 | 0.5 |
(7) | Benzene | 92.9 | 0.4 |
(8) | Styrene | 212.3 | 0.4 |
(9) | Octane | 0.8 | 0.2 |
(10) | Acetone | 0.3 | 0.2 |
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Lee, H.; Kim, K.; Choi, Y.; Kim, D. Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from an Open-Circuit Dry Cleaning Machine Using a Petroleum-Based Organic Solvent: Implications for Impacts on Air Quality. Atmosphere 2021, 12, 637. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12050637
Lee H, Kim K, Choi Y, Kim D. Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from an Open-Circuit Dry Cleaning Machine Using a Petroleum-Based Organic Solvent: Implications for Impacts on Air Quality. Atmosphere. 2021; 12(5):637. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12050637
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Hyeonji, Kyunghoon Kim, Yelim Choi, and Daekeun Kim. 2021. "Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from an Open-Circuit Dry Cleaning Machine Using a Petroleum-Based Organic Solvent: Implications for Impacts on Air Quality" Atmosphere 12, no. 5: 637. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12050637