Integrated Modelling for Groundwater Contamination from Polluted Streams Using New Protection Process Techniques
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Description of Coupled Groundwater Flow and Solute Transport Model
2.2. Hypothetical Case Study
2.2.1. Boundary Condition and Data Set
2.2.2. Calibration of Hypothetical Model
2.3. Nile Delta Aquifer Case Study
2.3.1. Numerical Modelling Set-up of Nile Delta
2.3.2. Hydrological and Hydraulic Parameters of Nile Delta
2.3.3. Calibration Model of Nile Delta Model
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Impact of River and Drain Boundary Condition on Groundwater Quality
3.2. Impact on Groundwater Quality of Installing Polluted Drain in Low Permeability Layers
3.3. Impact on Groundwater Quality of Installing Cutoff Wall on Polluted Drain Sides
3.4. Impact on Groundwater Quality of Using Lining Materials for Polluted Streams
3.5. Comparison between the Different Scenarios for Management of Polluted Drains and Its Effect on Groundwater Quality
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Item | Boundary Conditions and Hydraulic Parameters | Value | Dimension | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Aquifer | Holocene | Horizontal hydraulic conductivity (Kh) | 0.10–0.25 | m.day−1 |
Vertical hydraulic conductivity (KV) | 0.01–0.025 | m.day−1 | ||
Effective porosity (neff) | 50 | % | ||
Total porosity (nT) | 60 | % | ||
Specific yield (Sy) | 0.10 | - | ||
Specific storage (Ss) | 1 × 10−7 | m−1 | ||
Quaternary | Horizontal hydraulic conductivity (Kh) | 5–100 | m.day−1 | |
Vertical hydraulic conductivity (KV) | 0.50–10 | m.day−1 | ||
Effective porosity (n) | 20 | % | ||
Total porosity (n) | 30 | % | ||
Specific yield (Sy) | 0.15 | - | ||
Specific storage (Ss) | 0.005 | m−1 | ||
Longitudinal dispersivity (αL) | 10 | m | ||
Transverse dispersivity (αT) | 1 | m | ||
Molecular diffusion coefficient(D*) | 1 × 10−4 | m2 day−1 | ||
Model Solution Method | Implicit finite-difference solver with the upstream-weighting | (GCG) | - | |
Number of column (Δx = 333 m) | 350 | - | ||
Number of raw (Δy = 333 m) | 380 | - | ||
Initial time step | 0.01 | day |
Case | Salt Volume (kg) | Salt Repulsion (%)(C0 − C)/C0 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hypothetical Case | Nile Delta Aquifer | Hypothetical Case | Nile Delta Aquifer | ||
Base case | 4.091 × 103 | 5.81134 × 1010 | - | - | |
Boundary conditions | Increasing river head | 3.6547 × 103 | 5.44554 × 1010 | +10.66 | +6.29 |
Decreasing drain head | 3.5636 × 103 | 5.30492 × 1010 | +12.89 | +8.71 | |
Decreasing drain contamination | 3.0683 × 103 | 4.35852 × 1010 | +24.99 | +25 | |
Installing polluted drain in low permeability layer | 3.3135 × 103 | 5.83873 × 1010 | +19.01 | - | |
Installing cut-off wall on polluted drain sides | 2.9272 × 103 | 5.79137 × 1010 | +28.49 | +0.34 | |
Using lining materials for polluted drains | 0.36758 × 103 | 1.73598 × 1010 | +91.02 | +70.13 |
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Abd-Elaty, I.; Zelenakova, M.; Straface, S.; Vranayová, Z.; Abu-hashim, M. Integrated Modelling for Groundwater Contamination from Polluted Streams Using New Protection Process Techniques. Water 2019, 11, 2321. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11112321
Abd-Elaty I, Zelenakova M, Straface S, Vranayová Z, Abu-hashim M. Integrated Modelling for Groundwater Contamination from Polluted Streams Using New Protection Process Techniques. Water. 2019; 11(11):2321. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11112321
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbd-Elaty, Ismail, Martina Zelenakova, Salvatore Straface, Zuzana Vranayová, and Mohamed Abu-hashim. 2019. "Integrated Modelling for Groundwater Contamination from Polluted Streams Using New Protection Process Techniques" Water 11, no. 11: 2321. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11112321