Multivariate Analysis of Soil Salinity in a Semi-Humid Irrigated District of China: Concern about a Recent Water Project
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Sampling and Laboratory Analyses
2.3. Statistical Analyses
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. General Features of the Soil Ionic Composition
3.2. Main Gradients in the Soil Ionic Composition
3.3. Main Factors Affecting the Soil Ionic Composition
3.3.1. Saline Domain
3.3.2. Alkaline Domain
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Soil Variables/Environmental Factors | Units | Min a | Max b | Mean | Median | SD c | CV d | Skewness | Kurtosis |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CO32− | mg/kg | <1 | 120.04 | 4.94 | <1 | 14.63 | 2.96 | 5.05 | 32.32 |
HCO3− | mg/kg | 14.00 | 1039.90 | 304.72 | 275.00 | 155.32 | 0.51 | 2.08 | 5.98 |
SO42− | mg/kg | 12.00 | 4383.00 | 260.00 | 123.10 | 449.66 | 1.73 | 5.45 | 40.04 |
Cl− | mg/kg | 7.00 | 1040.00 | 131.50 | 57.60 | 163.53 | 1.24 | 2.25 | 6.18 |
NO3− | mg/kg | <0.5 | 2504.60 | 13.44 | <0.5 | 176.06 | 13.10 | 14.10 | 200.34 |
K+ | mg/kg | 1.00 | 847.00 | 18.77 | 8.05 | 64.72 | 3.45 | 11.10 | 136.35 |
Na+ | mg/kg | 4.00 | 1130.40 | 184.37 | 105.30 | 202.05 | 1.10 | 2.02 | 4.68 |
Ca2+ | mg/kg | 13.00 | 1009.00 | 107.11 | 74.00 | 109.98 | 1.03 | 3.89 | 23.78 |
Mg2+ | mg/kg | <1 | 396.00 | 31.42 | 21.10 | 41.03 | 1.31 | 5.17 | 36.01 |
pH | 5.95 | 9.85 | 8.04 | 8.05 | 0.47 | 0.06 | −0.74 | 3.92 | |
Elevation | m | 0.20 | 47.00 | 9.54 | 6.00 | 10.07 | 1.06 | 1.84 | 2.67 |
GWD e | m | −40.98 | −1.80 | −10.55 | −5.97 | 8.88 | −0.84 | −1.12 | 0.52 |
Canal density | 0.00 | 0.48 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 1.00 | 2.39 | 8.02 |
Soil Variables | CO32− | HCO3− | SO42− | Cl− | NO3− | K+ | Na+ | Ca2+ | Mg2+ | pH |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CO32− | 1.00 | |||||||||
HCO3− | −0.04 | 1.00 | ||||||||
SO42− | 0.01 | −0.01 | 1.00 | |||||||
Cl− | 0.17 * | 0.01 | 0.53 ** | 1.00 | ||||||
NO3− | 0.03 | −0.06 | 0.04 | 0.12 | 1.00 | |||||
K+ | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.14 * | 0.15 * | 0.04 | 1.00 | ||||
Na+ | 0.20 ** | 0.07 | 0.62 ** | 0.86 ** | 0.12 | 0.19 ** | 1.00 | |||
Ca2+ | −0.04 | 0.24** | 0.73 ** | 0.27 ** | 0.24 ** | 0.02 | 0.21 ** | 1.00 | ||
Mg2+ | −0.11 | 0.04 | 0.84 ** | 0.37 ** | 0.34 ** | 0.10 | 0.38 ** | 0.77 ** | 1.00 | |
pH | 0.50 ** | 0.36** | −0.17 * | −0.11 | −0.17 * | 0.01 | −0.10 | −0.03 * | −0.22 ** | 1.00 |
PC a | CO32− | HCO3− | SO42− | Cl− | NO3− | K+ | Na+ | Ca2+ | Mg2+ | pH |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.50 | 0.39 | 0.16 | 0.11 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.47 | −0.12 |
2 | 0.59 | 0.30 | −0.02 | 0.22 | −0.17 | 0.11 | 0.25 | −0.06 | −0.17 | 0.62 |
3 | −0.13 | 0.54 | 0.07 | −0.37 | 0.02 | −0.22 | −0.37 | 0.47 | 0.24 | 0.31 |
4 | 0.45 | −0.33 | −0.14 | −0.12 | 0.76 | −0.17 | −0.15 | 0.08 | 0.11 | 0.10 |
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Zhang, J.; Du, D.; Ji, D.; Bai, Y.; Jiang, W. Multivariate Analysis of Soil Salinity in a Semi-Humid Irrigated District of China: Concern about a Recent Water Project. Water 2020, 12, 2104. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12082104
Zhang J, Du D, Ji D, Bai Y, Jiang W. Multivariate Analysis of Soil Salinity in a Semi-Humid Irrigated District of China: Concern about a Recent Water Project. Water. 2020; 12(8):2104. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12082104
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Jing, Dong Du, Dongli Ji, Yaonan Bai, and Wanjun Jiang. 2020. "Multivariate Analysis of Soil Salinity in a Semi-Humid Irrigated District of China: Concern about a Recent Water Project" Water 12, no. 8: 2104. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12082104