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Volume 12
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10.3390/w12092441
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Article

Program Outcomes of Payments for Watershed Services in Brazilian Atlantic Forest: How to Evaluate to Improve Decision-Making and the Socio-Environmental Benefits

by
Flávio Augusto Monteiro dos Santos
1,
Marcondes Geraldo Coelho-Junior
1,2,*,
Jéssica Chaves Cardoso
3,
Vanessa Maria Basso
4,
André Luis de Paula Marques
5 and
Eliane Maria Ribeiro da Silva
1,6
1
Graduate Program in Environmental and Forest Sciences, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica 23897-000, Brazil
2
Network in Ecological economics, Commons governance, and Climate Justice, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
3
MSc Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada
4
Department of Silviculture, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica 23897-000, Brazil
5
Association for Water Management in the Paraiba do Sul River Basin—AGEVAP, Resende 27520-005, Brazil
6
Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation—EMBRAPA Agrobiology, Seropédica 23891-000, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Water 2020, 12(9), 2441; https://doi.org/10.3390/w12092441
Submission received: 30 July 2020 / Revised: 19 August 2020 / Accepted: 24 August 2020 / Published: 31 August 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Economic Role of Water under Scarcity and Sustainability Constraints)
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Abstract

In 2014, the Paraíba do Sul River Basin Integration Committee (CEIVAP) established its Pilot Program of Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES), focusing on water resources. The projects from this program share the same goal: to disseminate the use of PES as a tool for land management in watersheds. Contemplating 11 municipalities, including 84 landowners, conserving 718.63 ha and restoring 188.58 ha, this program was concluded in April 2020. Reviewing its historical and contextualizing features, we have observed that the outcomes from this program extend beyond these numbers. Here, we propose an evaluation methodology comparing the efficiency, performance, and impact of the PES projects. Based on new indicators that are easy to measure, we have identified key elements that have asymmetrically affected the projects. The complexity of the project scope and the execution of high-cost, and risky interventions on rural properties, have resulted in expensive projects with little tangible outputs. Our results support the upgrade of public policy for investment in ecosystem services by CEIVAP in the Paraíba do Sul watershed. In addition, our results can be more successful by improving the decision-making processes for similar projects in other watersheds.
Keywords: water management indicators; water governance; river basin planning; nature-based solutions water management indicators; water governance; river basin planning; nature-based solutions
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MDPI and ACS Style

Monteiro dos Santos, F.A.; Coelho-Junior, M.G.; Chaves Cardoso, J.; Basso, V.M.; de Paula Marques, A.L.; Ribeiro da Silva, E.M. Program Outcomes of Payments for Watershed Services in Brazilian Atlantic Forest: How to Evaluate to Improve Decision-Making and the Socio-Environmental Benefits. Water 2020, 12, 2441. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12092441

AMA Style

Monteiro dos Santos FA, Coelho-Junior MG, Chaves Cardoso J, Basso VM, de Paula Marques AL, Ribeiro da Silva EM. Program Outcomes of Payments for Watershed Services in Brazilian Atlantic Forest: How to Evaluate to Improve Decision-Making and the Socio-Environmental Benefits. Water. 2020; 12(9):2441. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12092441

Chicago/Turabian Style

Monteiro dos Santos, Flávio Augusto, Marcondes Geraldo Coelho-Junior, Jéssica Chaves Cardoso, Vanessa Maria Basso, André Luis de Paula Marques, and Eliane Maria Ribeiro da Silva. 2020. "Program Outcomes of Payments for Watershed Services in Brazilian Atlantic Forest: How to Evaluate to Improve Decision-Making and the Socio-Environmental Benefits" Water 12, no. 9: 2441. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12092441

APA Style

Monteiro dos Santos, F. A., Coelho-Junior, M. G., Chaves Cardoso, J., Basso, V. M., de Paula Marques, A. L., & Ribeiro da Silva, E. M. (2020). Program Outcomes of Payments for Watershed Services in Brazilian Atlantic Forest: How to Evaluate to Improve Decision-Making and the Socio-Environmental Benefits. Water, 12(9), 2441. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12092441

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