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10.3390/w12092562
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Article

Occurrence of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Gram-Negative Bacteria from Non-Clinical Sources in Dubai, United Arab Emirates

by
Munawwar A. Khan
1,*,
Nicola E. Thurgood
2,
Sultan M. Faheem
2,
Naushad Rais
2,
Mohammad Z. Ansari
2,
Sultan M. Kaleem
3 and
Shams T. Khan
4
1
Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Dubai 19282, UAE
2
School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Academic City, Dubai 345050, UAE
3
College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 3263, Saudi Arabia
4
Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Water 2020, 12(9), 2562; https://doi.org/10.3390/w12092562
Submission received: 5 August 2020 / Revised: 10 September 2020 / Accepted: 12 September 2020 / Published: 14 September 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk Assessment of Water Resources and Food: Microbial Contaminants, Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance Genes)
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Abstract

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family are a significant threat to public health, posing a challenge for health authorities worldwide. In the UAE, very little information is available about ESBL producing bacteria from non-clinical sources. In this study, 206 pure cultures belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family were isolated from food and wastewater sources in Dubai, UAE. All the isolates were tested against third-generation cephalosporin antibiotics by the disc diffusion method and screened on ESBL chromogenic agar. Among all isolates (n = 86), 41.7% were potential ESBL producers belonging to E. coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Shigella, and Citrobacter (KESC group), and Proteus. Of all the potential ESBL producing isolates, 19 (22%) were confirmed as ESBL producers by a double-disc diffusion test with the fourth generation cephalosporin–Cefpirome. The multiplex polymerase chain reaction was used for the detection of ESBL bla genes in the screened isolates. Out of a total of 86 isolates, 52.3% possessed only the blaTEM gene; 39.5% contained both blaTEM and blaSHV genes, while only 3.5% contained the blaCTX-M gene. The carbapenemase resistance test showed eight isolates resistant to imipenem, and only one isolate with metallo-beta-lactamase activity. This study highlights the occurrence of ESBL bla genes among non-clinical isolates from food and wastewater sources in the UAE and emphasizes the importance of food and wastewater surveillance programs in controlling the spread of antibiotic resistance.
Keywords: antibiotic resistance genes; cephalosporin; Gram-negative; Escherichia coli; extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL); Enterobacteriaceae; food; wastewater; UAE antibiotic resistance genes; cephalosporin; Gram-negative; Escherichia coli; extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL); Enterobacteriaceae; food; wastewater; UAE

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MDPI and ACS Style

Khan, M.A.; Thurgood, N.E.; Faheem, S.M.; Rais, N.; Ansari, M.Z.; Kaleem, S.M.; Khan, S.T. Occurrence of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Gram-Negative Bacteria from Non-Clinical Sources in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Water 2020, 12, 2562. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12092562

AMA Style

Khan MA, Thurgood NE, Faheem SM, Rais N, Ansari MZ, Kaleem SM, Khan ST. Occurrence of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Gram-Negative Bacteria from Non-Clinical Sources in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Water. 2020; 12(9):2562. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12092562

Chicago/Turabian Style

Khan, Munawwar A., Nicola E. Thurgood, Sultan M. Faheem, Naushad Rais, Mohammad Z. Ansari, Sultan M. Kaleem, and Shams T. Khan. 2020. "Occurrence of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Gram-Negative Bacteria from Non-Clinical Sources in Dubai, United Arab Emirates" Water 12, no. 9: 2562. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12092562

APA Style

Khan, M. A., Thurgood, N. E., Faheem, S. M., Rais, N., Ansari, M. Z., Kaleem, S. M., & Khan, S. T. (2020). Occurrence of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Gram-Negative Bacteria from Non-Clinical Sources in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Water, 12(9), 2562. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12092562

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