Assessing and Mitigating Ice-Jam Flood Hazards and Risks: A European Perspective

Lindenschmidt, Karl-Erich; Alfredsen, Knut; Carstensen, Dirk; Choryński, Adam; Gustafsson, David; Halicki, Michał; Hentschel, Bernd; Karjalainen, Niina; Kögel, Michael; Kolerski, Tomasz; Kornaś-Dynia, Marika; Kubicki, Michał; Kundzewicz, Zbigniew W.; Lauschke, Cornelia; Malinger, Albert; Marszelewski, Włodzimierz; Möldner, Fabian; Näslund-Landenmark, Barbro; Niedzielski, Tomasz; Parjanne, Antti; Pawłowski, Bogusław; Pińskwar, Iwona; Remisz, Joanna; Renner, Maik; Roers, Michael; Rybacki, Maksymilian; Szałkiewicz, Ewelina; Szydłowski, Michał; Walusiak, Grzegorz; Witek, Matylda; Zagata, Mateusz; Zdralewicz, Maciej

doi:10.3390/w15010076

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceCommentary

Assessing and Mitigating Ice-Jam Flood Hazards and Risks: A European Perspective

by

Karl-Erich Lindenschmidt

^1,*

,

Knut Alfredsen

²

,

Dirk Carstensen

³,

Adam Choryński

⁴

,

David Gustafsson

⁵,

Michał Halicki

⁶

,

Bernd Hentschel

⁷

,

Niina Karjalainen

⁸,

Michael Kögel

³,

Tomasz Kolerski

⁹

,

Marika Kornaś-Dynia

¹⁰,

Michał Kubicki

¹¹,

Zbigniew W. Kundzewicz

⁴,

Cornelia Lauschke

¹²,

Albert Malinger

¹³,

Włodzimierz Marszelewski

¹⁴,

Fabian Möldner

³,

Barbro Näslund-Landenmark

¹⁵,

Tomasz Niedzielski

⁶

,

Antti Parjanne

¹⁶,

Bogusław Pawłowski

¹⁴,

Iwona Pińskwar

⁴

,

Joanna Remisz

⁶,

Maik Renner

¹⁷

,

Michael Roers

¹⁷,

Maksymilian Rybacki

¹³,

Ewelina Szałkiewicz

¹³

,

Michał Szydłowski

⁹

,

Grzegorz Walusiak

⁶,

Matylda Witek

⁶

,

Mateusz Zagata

¹⁸ and

Maciej Zdralewicz

¹³ Show full author list Hide full author list

¹

Global Institute for Water Security, School of Environment & Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada

²

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway

³

Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Manage, Nuremberg University of Technology, 90489 Nuremberg, Germany

⁴

Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-649 Poznań, Poland

⁵

Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, SE-601 76 Norrköping, Sweden

⁶

Department of Geoinformatics and Cartography, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Wroclaw, 50-137 Wroclaw, Poland

⁷

Federal Waterways Engineering and Research Institute, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany

⁸

Centre for Economic Development, Transport and the Environment for Lapland, Hallituskatu 3 B, 96101 Rovaniemi, Finland

⁹

Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland

¹⁰

Institute of Meteorology and Water Management, National Research Institute, 01-673 Warsaw, Poland

¹¹

Jacobs, 30-302 Kraków, Poland

¹²

Wasserstraßen- und Schifffahrtsamt Oder-Havel, 16225 Eberswalde, Germany

¹³

Flood and Drought Modelling Centre in Poznań, Institute of Meteorology and Water Management—National Research Institute, 60-594 Poznań, Poland

¹⁴

Department of Hydrology and Water Management, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland

¹⁵

Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency, SE-651 81 Karlstad, Sweden

¹⁶

Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, 00023 Helsinki, Finland

¹⁷

Hochwassermeldezentrale, Landesamt für Umwelt Brandenburg, 15236 Frankfurt (Oder), Germany

¹⁸

Department of Inland Waterways, Regional Water Management Board, 70-030 Szczecin, Poland

Show full affiliation list

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^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Water 2023, 15(1), 76; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15010076

Submission received: 30 November 2022 / Revised: 14 December 2022 / Accepted: 16 December 2022 / Published: 26 December 2022

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Water Quality Modelling)

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Abstract

The assessment and mapping of riverine flood hazards and risks is recognized by many countries as an important tool for characterizing floods and developing flood management plans. Often, however, these management plans give attention primarily to open-water floods, with ice-jam floods being mostly an afterthought once these plans have been drafted. In some Nordic regions, ice-jam floods can be more severe than open-water floods, with floodwater levels of ice-jam floods often exceeding levels of open-water floods for the same return periods. Hence, it is imperative that flooding due to river ice processes be considered in flood management plans. This also pertains to European member states who are required to submit renewed flood management plans every six years to the European governance authorities. On 19 and 20 October 2022, a workshop entitled “Assessing and mitigating ice-jam flood hazard and risk” was hosted in Poznań, Poland to explore the necessity of incorporating ice-jam flood hazard and risk assessments in the European Union’s Flood Directive. The presentations given at the workshop provided a good overview of flood risk assessments in Europe and how they may change due to the climate in the future. Perspectives from Norway, Sweden, Finland, Germany, and Poland were presented. Mitigation measures, particularly the artificial breakage of river ice covers and ice-jam flood forecasting, were shared. Advances in ice processes were also presented at the workshop, including state-of-the-art developments in tracking ice-floe velocities using particle tracking velocimetry, characterizing hanging dam ice, designing new ice-control structures, detecting, and monitoring river ice covers using composite imagery from both radar and optical satellite sensors, and calculating ice-jam flood hazards using a stochastic modelling approach.

Keywords: European Union’s Floods Directive; hydro-electric power; ice-jam flood hazard; ice-jam flood risk; space-borne remote sensing

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MDPI and ACS Style

Lindenschmidt, K.-E.; Alfredsen, K.; Carstensen, D.; Choryński, A.; Gustafsson, D.; Halicki, M.; Hentschel, B.; Karjalainen, N.; Kögel, M.; Kolerski, T.; et al. Assessing and Mitigating Ice-Jam Flood Hazards and Risks: A European Perspective. Water 2023, 15, 76. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15010076

AMA Style

Lindenschmidt K-E, Alfredsen K, Carstensen D, Choryński A, Gustafsson D, Halicki M, Hentschel B, Karjalainen N, Kögel M, Kolerski T, et al. Assessing and Mitigating Ice-Jam Flood Hazards and Risks: A European Perspective. Water. 2023; 15(1):76. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15010076

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lindenschmidt, Karl-Erich, Knut Alfredsen, Dirk Carstensen, Adam Choryński, David Gustafsson, Michał Halicki, Bernd Hentschel, Niina Karjalainen, Michael Kögel, Tomasz Kolerski, and et al. 2023. "Assessing and Mitigating Ice-Jam Flood Hazards and Risks: A European Perspective" Water 15, no. 1: 76. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15010076

APA Style

Lindenschmidt, K.-E., Alfredsen, K., Carstensen, D., Choryński, A., Gustafsson, D., Halicki, M., Hentschel, B., Karjalainen, N., Kögel, M., Kolerski, T., Kornaś-Dynia, M., Kubicki, M., Kundzewicz, Z. W., Lauschke, C., Malinger, A., Marszelewski, W., Möldner, F., Näslund-Landenmark, B., Niedzielski, T., ... Zdralewicz, M. (2023). Assessing and Mitigating Ice-Jam Flood Hazards and Risks: A European Perspective. Water, 15(1), 76. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15010076

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