Species Diversity of Zooplankton of Small Steppe Lakes of the Northern Part of Kazakhstan
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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№ | Name of Water Body | WGS (lat) | WGS (lon) | Area (km2) | Depth (cm) | O2 (mg L−1) | рН | Salinity (gL−1) | Color of Water (Pt Co) | NO3− (mg L−1) | NO2− (mg L−1) | ZOO SUM (ind./m3) | TAX NUM |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Akmola region | |||||||||||||
1. | Zharlykol Lake | 50.607 | 71.026 | 14.80 | 70 | 5.38 | 6.52 | 0.51 | 30 | 2.9 | 0.02 | 36,089 | 16 |
2. | Maibalyk Lake | 50.967 | 71.528 | 14.60 | 60 | 3.90 | 7.60 | 3.26 | 35 | 2.3 | 0.01 | 120,149 | 36 |
3. | Koyandy reservoir | 51.330 | 71.691 | 1.78 | 60 | 5.42 | 7.26 | 0.44 | 40 | 3.2 | 0.02 | 103,586 | 24 |
Kostanai region | |||||||||||||
4. | Zharkol Lake | 53.219 | 63.236 | 19 | 50 | 5.34 | 7.74 | 0.55 | 35 | 0 | 0 | 14,067 | 10 |
5. | Kostomar Lake | 53.218 | 63.136 | 12.4 | 120 | 6.37 | 8.15 | more 20 | 45 | 2.3 | 0.01 | 55,244 | 15 |
North Kazakhstan region | |||||||||||||
6. | Zharken Lake | 54.031 | 67.003 | 5 | 50 | 2.15 | 8.25 | 2.23 | 55 | 3.0 | 0.01 | 54,218 | 23 |
7. | Solenoe Lake | 55.077 | 69.034 | 3.00 | 70 | 7.8 | 7.72 | 8.96 | 35 | 0 | 0 | 581,013 | 6 |
8. | Lebyazhe Lake | 55.149 | 69.187 | 4.80 | 100 | 6.58 | 8.6 | 2.57 | 40 | 2.5 | 0.02 | 161,232 | 16 |
9. | Polkovnikovo Lake | 55.168 | 69.240 | 1.50 | 80 | 8.5 | 7.55 | 1.13 | 30 | 3.0 | 0.05 | 144,175 | 12 |
10. | Solontsy Lake | 55.307 | 69.327 | 4.4 | 150 | 2.44 | 8.42 | 1.32 | 40 | 2.0 | 0.02 | 154,151 | 24 |
Pavlodar region | |||||||||||||
11. | Ashchikol Lake | 51.795 | 75.277 | 6.40 | 80 | 7.16 | 8.02 | more 10 | 40 | 2.5 | 0.01 | 370,786 | 13 |
12. | Kondratievs koe Lake | 52.178 | 76.977 | 0.1 | 120 | 4.24 | 7.84 | 1.35 | 35 | 3.0 | 0.01 | 190,464 | 25 |
13. | Presnoe Lake | 51.881 | 77.414 | 0.37 | 90 | 8.7 | 7.86 | 1.43 | 30 | 3.3 | 0.02 | 125,420 | 19 |
Species | Zharlykol | Koiandy | Maibalyk | Kostomar | Zharkol | Zharken | Lebiazhe | Polkovnikovo | Solenoe | Solontsy | Ashchikol | Kondratievskoe | Presnoe |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rotifera | |||||||||||||
Asplanchna priodonta (Gosse, 1850) | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||
Asplanchna girodi (Guerne, 1888) | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||
Asplanchna intermedia (Hudson, 1886) | 1 | ||||||||||||
Asplanchna priodonta (Gosse, 1850) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
Asplanchna sieboldi (Leydig, 1854) | 1 | ||||||||||||
Bdelloida gen. sp. | 1 | ||||||||||||
Bipalpus hudsoni (Imhof, 1891) | 1 | ||||||||||||
Brachionus angularis (Gosse, 1851) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
Brachionus calyciflorus amphiceros (Ehrenberg, 1838) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
Brachionus diversicornis (Daday, 1883) | 1 | ||||||||||||
Brachionus plicatilis (Muller, 1786) | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||
Brachionus plicatilis longicornis (Fadeev, 1786) | 1 | ||||||||||||
Brachionus quadridentatus ancylognathus (Schmarda, 1859) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
Brachionus quadridentatus dorcas (Gosse, 1851) | 1 | ||||||||||||
Brachionus quadridentatus (Hermann, 1783) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
Brachionus urceus (Linnaeus, 1758) | 1 | ||||||||||||
Brachionus variabilis (Hempel, 1896) | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||
Cephalodella sp. | 1 | ||||||||||||
Euchlanis dapidula (Parise, 1966) | 1 | ||||||||||||
Euchlanis dilatata (Ehrenberg, 1832) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
Euchlanis lyra (Hudson, 1886) | 1 | ||||||||||||
Filinia longiseta (Ehrenberg,1834) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
Filinia terminalis (Plate, 1886) | 1 | ||||||||||||
Hexarthra fennica (Levander, 1892) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
Kellicottia longispina (Kellicott, 1879) | 1 | ||||||||||||
Keratella cochlearis (Gosse, 1851) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
Keratella quadrata (Müller, 1786) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
Keratella tropica (Apstein,1907) | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||
Lecane bulla (Gosse,1851) | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||
Lecane crenata (Harring, 1913) | 1 | ||||||||||||
Lecane (s. str.) luna (Müller, 1776) | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||
Lepadella (s. str.) triptera (Еhrenberg, 1830) | 1 | ||||||||||||
Lophocharis oxysternon (Gosse, 1851) | 1 | ||||||||||||
Mytilina mucronata (Müller, 1773) | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||
Notholca acuminata (Ehrenberg, 1832) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
Notommata collaris (Ehrenberg, 1832) | 1 | ||||||||||||
Notommatidae gen. sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Platyias quadricornis (Ehrenberg, 1832) | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||
Polyarthra vulgaris (Carlin, 1943) | 1 | ||||||||||||
Polyarthra dolichoptera (Idelson, 1925) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
Polyarthra vulgaris (Carlin, 1943) | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||
Pompholyx sulcata (Hudson, 1885) | 1 | ||||||||||||
Synchaeta stylata (Wierzejski, 1893) | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||
Testudinella patina (Hermann, 1783) | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||
Trichotria pocillum (Müller, 1776) | 1 | ||||||||||||
Trichotria truncata (Whitelegge, 1889) | 1 | ||||||||||||
Total number of Rotifera: 46 | 11 | 16 | 20 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 7 | 4 | 10 | 5 | 14 | 11 |
Cladocera | |||||||||||||
Alona rectangula (G.O. Sars, 1862) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
Bosmina (Bosmina) longirostris (O.F. Müller, 1785) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
Bythotrephes longimanus (Leydig, 1860) | 1 | ||||||||||||
Ceriodaphnia pulchella (Sars, 1862) | 1 | ||||||||||||
Ceriodaphnia quadrangula (O.F. Müller, 1785) | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||
Ceriodaphnia reticulata (Jurine, 1820) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
Ceriodaphnia sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||
Chydorus sphaericus (O.F. Müller, 1776) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia) magna (Straus 1826) | 1 | ||||||||||||
Daphnia (Daphnia) galeata (G.O. Sars, 1864) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
Daphnia (Daphnia) hyalina (Leydig, 1860) | 1 | ||||||||||||
Daphnia (Daphnia) longispina (O. F. Müller, 1785) | 1 | ||||||||||||
Daphnia (Daphnia) pulex (De Geer, 1778) | 1 | ||||||||||||
Daphnia (Daphnia) cucullata (Sars, 1862) | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||
Diaphanosoma brachyurum (Liévin, 1848) | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||
Moina mongolica (Daday, 1901) | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||
Pleuroxus aduncus (Jurine, 1820) | 1 | ||||||||||||
Polyphemus pediculus (Linnaeus, 1761) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
Scapholeberis mucronata (O.F.Müller, 1776) | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||
Simocephalus mixtus (Sars, 1903) | 1 | ||||||||||||
Simocephalus serrulatus (Koch, 1841) | 1 | ||||||||||||
Total number of Cladocera: 21 | 2 | 4 | 10 | 5 | 3 | 9 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 7 | 5 | 7 | 4 |
Copepoda | |||||||||||||
Acanthodiaptomus denticornis (Wierzejski, 1887) | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||
Arctodiaptomus salinus (Daday 1885) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
Cletocamptus retrogressus (Schmankevitsch, 1875) | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||
Cryptocyclops bicolor (Sars G.O., 1863) | 1 | ||||||||||||
Cyclopoida gen.sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
Cyclops vicinus (Uljanin, 1875) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
Diacyclops languidoides (Lilljeborg, 1901) | 1 | ||||||||||||
Diaptomidae gen.sp. (Sars) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
Eudiaptomus transylvanicus (Daday, 1890) | 1 | ||||||||||||
Ergasilidae gen.sp. | 1 | ||||||||||||
Eucyclops denticulatus (Graeter, 1903) | 1 | ||||||||||||
Eucyclops macrurus (Sars G.O., 1863) | 1 | ||||||||||||
Eucyclops serrulatus (Lilljeborg, 1901) | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||
Eucyclops speratus (Lilljeborg, 1901) | 1 | ||||||||||||
Eudiaptomus graciloides (Lilljeborg, 1888) | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||
Eurytemora affinis (Poppe, 1880) | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||
Harpacticoida gen.sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||
Megacyclops viridis (Jurine, 1820) | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||
Mesocyclops leuckarti (Claus, 1857) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
Neutrodiaptomus incongruens (Poppe, 1888) | |||||||||||||
Thermocyclops crassus (Fischer, 1853) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
Thermocyclops dybowskii (Lande, 1890) | 1 | ||||||||||||
Thermocyclops sp. | 1 | ||||||||||||
Thermocyclops taihokuensis (Harada, 1931) | 1 | ||||||||||||
Thermocyclops vermifer (Lindberg, 1935) | 1 | ||||||||||||
Total number of Copepoda: 25 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 9 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 3 | 4 | 4 |
In total: 92 | 16 | 24 | 36 | 15 | 10 | 23 | 16 | 12 | 6 | 24 | 13 | 25 | 16 |
Lake | Population, thousand ind./m3 | Biomass, g/m3 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rotifera | Cladocera | Copepoda | Total | Rotifera | Cladocera | Copepoda | Total | |
Zharlykol Lake | 12.48 | 20.73 | 2.88 | 36.09 | 0.03 | 0.22 | 0.13 | 0.38 |
Maibalyk Lake | 64.24 | 1.70 | 54.22 | 120.15 | 0.21 | 0.33 | 0.03 | 0.57 |
Koyandy Reservoir | 87.46 | 0.70 | 15.14 | 103.29 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.12 | 0.23 |
Zharkol Lake | 0.24 | 4.73 | 9.10 | 14.07 | 0.00 | 0.24 | 0.40 | 0.64 |
Kostomar Lake | 0.01 | 42.54 | 12.69 | 55.23 | 0.00 | 3.50 | 0.32 | 3.83 |
Zharken Lake | 5.66 | 31.33 | 17.23 | 54.22 | 0.00 | 2.34 | 1.12 | 3.46 |
Solenoe Lake | 522.86 | 1.49 | 56.66 | 581.01 | 3.06 | 0.17 | 0.80 | 4.02 |
Lebyazhe Lake | 139.16 | 3.48 | 18.59 | 161.23 | 0.07 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.13 |
Polkovnikovo Lake | 124.60 | 1.34 | 18.24 | 144.18 | 1.07 | 0.08 | 0.34 | 1.50 |
Solontsy Lake | 19.24 | 116.88 | 17.71 | 153.82 | 0.01 | 19.34 | 0.26 | 19.61 |
Ashchikol Lake | 1.60 | 25.85 | 343.34 | 370.79 | 0.00 | 55.83 | 13.41 | 69.24 |
Kondratievskoe Lake | 6.51 | 63.84 | 120.11 | 190.47 | 0.03 | 0.33 | 0.46 | 0.82 |
Presnoe Lake | 6.38 | 50.45 | 68.59 | 125.42 | 0.01 | 0.79 | 1.62 | 2.42 |
Water Bodies | Zharlykol Lake | Koyandy Reservoir | Maibalyk Lake | Kostomar Lake | Zharkol Lake | Zharken Lake | Lebyazhe Lake | Polkovnikovo Lake | Solenoe Lake | Solontsy Lake | Ashchikol Lake | Kondratievskoe Lake | Presnoe Lake |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zharlykol Lake | 1 | ||||||||||||
Koyandy Reservoir | 0.350 | 1 | |||||||||||
Maibalyk Lake | 0.214 | 0.281 | 1 | ||||||||||
Kostomar Lake | 0.375 | 0.150 | 0.393 | 1 | |||||||||
Zharkol Lake | 0.286 | 0 | 0.038 | 0.357 | 1 | ||||||||
Zharken Lake | 0.146 | 0.245 | 0.338 | 0.293 | 0.108 | 1 | |||||||
Lebyazhe Lake | 0.242 | 0.293 | 0.456 | 0.364 | 0 | 0.286 | 1 | ||||||
Polkovnikovo Lake | 0.200 | 0.263 | 0.407 | 0.267 | 0 | 0.103 | 0.516 | 1 | |||||
Solenoe Lake | 0.348 | 0.065 | 0.043 | 0.174 | 0.632 | 0.063 | 0.083 | 0.095 | 1 | ||||
Solontsy Lake | 0.273 | 0.346 | 0.441 | 0.227 | 0.200 | 0.415 | 0.400 | 0.429 | 0.229 | 1 | |||
Ashchikol Lake | 0.276 | 0.270 | 0.264 | 0.414 | 0.160 | 0.211 | 0.267 | 0.074 | 0.100 | 0.195 | 1 | ||
Kondratievskoe Lake | 0.276 | 0.340 | 0.493 | 0.311 | 0.049 | 0.222 | 0.348 | 0.419 | 0.056 | 0.456 | 0.238 | 1 | |
Presnoe Lake | 0.171 | 0.233 | 0.169 | 0.171 | 0.129 | 0.273 | 0.169 | 0.121 | 0.154 | 0.340 | 0.250 | 0.250 | 1 |
Name of Water Body | Main Components | ||
---|---|---|---|
PC 1 | PC 2 | PC 3 | |
Zharlykol Lake | −1.2995 | −0.39924 | −1.0659 |
Koyandy Reservoir | 0.48019 | 2.2314 | −1.6759 |
Maibalyk Lake | 3.731 | −1.8439 | 1.0181 |
Kostomar Lake | −0.6118 | −1.9326 | 0.27934 |
Zharkol Lake | −2.2268 | −1.1999 | 0.28282 |
Zharken Lake | 0.031702 | 1.2497 | 3.2707 |
Lebyazhe Lake | 1.0577 | −0.40156 | −0.40403 |
Polkovnikovo Lake | 0.59731 | −0.26252 | −1.1374 |
Solenoe Lake | −1.9249 | −0.60174 | −0.18336 |
Solontsy Lake | 0.69291 | 1.8814 | 0.70725 |
Ashchikol Lake | −0.80699 | −0.69883 | 0.009319 |
Kondratievskoe Lake | 1.4938 | 0.4997 | −1.7531 |
Presnoe Lake | −1.2146 | 1.4781 | 0.65205 |
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Satybaldiyeva, G.; Sapargaliyeva, N.; Sharakhmetov, S.; Inelova, Z.; Boros, E.; Krupa, E.; Utarbayeva, A.; Shupshibayev, K. Species Diversity of Zooplankton of Small Steppe Lakes of the Northern Part of Kazakhstan. Water 2023, 15, 4054. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15234054
Satybaldiyeva G, Sapargaliyeva N, Sharakhmetov S, Inelova Z, Boros E, Krupa E, Utarbayeva A, Shupshibayev K. Species Diversity of Zooplankton of Small Steppe Lakes of the Northern Part of Kazakhstan. Water. 2023; 15(23):4054. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15234054
Chicago/Turabian StyleSatybaldiyeva, Gulmira, Nazym Sapargaliyeva, Sayat Sharakhmetov, Zarina Inelova, Emil Boros, Elena Krupa, Aizhan Utarbayeva, and Kazbek Shupshibayev. 2023. "Species Diversity of Zooplankton of Small Steppe Lakes of the Northern Part of Kazakhstan" Water 15, no. 23: 4054. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15234054