In Vitro Assessment of Salinity Stress Impact on Early Growth in Ten Certified Palestinian Barley Cultivars (Hordeum vulgare L.) Potentially Suitable for Cultivation on Former Quarry Substrates
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Area of Study and Soil Sampling
2.3. Methods
2.3.1. Plant Seed Disinfection and Germination
2.3.2. Electrical Conductivity (EC) and Salinity Contents of the Soil
2.3.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Effect of Salinity Stress on Seed Germination of Barley
3.2. Effect of Salinity Stress on Water Content and Biomass
3.3. Electrical Conductivity for Quarry Substrate
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Baladi | Rihan | ACSAD 176 | Icarda 1 | ACSAD 1417 | Improved Baladi | ACSAD 1744 | ACSAD 68 | ACSAD 1732 | Icarda 15 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 mM NaCl | 3.0 ± 0.11 | 1.1 ±0.11 | 1.9 ± 0.02 | 1.5 ± 0.03 | 1.5 ± 0 | 0.2 ± 0.72 | 1.5 ± 0 | 1.8 ± 0 | 1.3 ± 0 | N/A |
50 mM NaCl | 2.3 ± 0.08 | 1.2 ± 0.05 | 2.3 ± 0.13 | 1.6 ± 0.09 | 1.8 ± 0.03 | 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0 | 4.1 ± 0.13 | 1.5 ± 0.12 | N/A |
85 mM NaCl | 3.4 ± 0.31 | 1.3 ± 0.07 | N/A | 1.6 ± 0.05 | 1.6 ± 0.03 | 0.3 | 1.6 ± 0.01 | 2.2 ± 0.13 | 1.8 ± 0 | N/A |
120 mM NaCl | 1.6 ± 0.49 | 2.6 ± 0.06 | N/A | 1.8 ± 0.08 | 1.8 ± 0.03 | 2.2 | 2.0 ± 0.06 | 4.4 | 1.2 ± 0.01 | N/A |
175 mM NaCl | N/A | N/A | N/A | 2.1 | 4.4 ± 0.83 | N/A | 3.9 ± 0.54 | N/A | 1.8 ± 0.05 | N/A |
Soil Sample | Region in Hebron Governorate | Measured Temperature (°C) | Measured Conductivity of Soil/Water Mix (5:1) [µS/cm] | ECt Calculated for Soil [µS/cm] | EC25 Calculated for 25 °C [dS m−1] | TSS–Total Soluble Salts (ppm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Red soil, middle of stones, north-west Hebron | Bani Naim 31°30′57.1″ N 35°10′58.5″ E | 23.1 | 702 | 667 | 6.923 × 10−4 | 0.443 |
2. Bani Naim Ashour 1 | Bani Naim | 24 | 344 | 309 | 3.152 × 10−4 | 0.097 |
3. Bani Naim 1, center of quarry | Bani Naim | 23.6 | 417 | 382 | 3.927 × 10−4 | 0.150 |
4. Bani Naim Ashour 2 | Bani Naim | 22.8 | 493 | 458 | 4.782 × 10−4 | 0.219 |
5. Bani Naim sample 3 | Bani Naim | 23.8 | 550 | 515 | 5.274 × 10−4 | 0.272 |
6. Side of quarry, 2 cm depth | AlShyoukh | 24 | 348 | 313 | 3.193 × 10−4 | 0.099 |
7. Light soil, 15 cm depth | AlShyoukh | 25.8 | 219 | 184 | 1.81 × 10−4 | 0.0333 |
8. Red stones, middle of quarry | AlShyoukh | 26.4 | 546 | 511 | 4.967 × 10−4 | 0.254 |
9. Light soil under the cutting machine | AlShyoukh | 24.8 | 403 | 368 | 3.695 × 10−4 | 0.140 |
10. Abu Bassam, white stone | Seir 30°11′10.2″ N 35°19′05.7″ E | 26.2 | 356 | 330 | 3.221 × 10−4 | 0.106 |
11. Seir Jamal Nassar 220 cm depth | Seir | 23.4 | 914 | 879 | 9.071 × 10−4 | 0.797 |
12. White, soft road of quarry | Seir | 22.6 | 278 | 243 | 2.547 × 10−4 | 0.0619 |
13. Light red, Jamal Nassar, 15 cm above stone | Seir | 26.1 | 543 | 508 | 4.968 × 10−4 | 0.252 |
14. Red stone, Jamal Nassar, from surface of quarry | Seir | 25.9 | 839 | 804 | 7.895 × 10−4 | 0.635 |
15. Quarry road, Taffouh | Taffouh 31°32′20.7″ N 35°03′09.5″ E | 30 | 461 | 448.6 | 4.037 × 10−4 | 0.181 |
16. Quarry, Taffouh | Taffouh | 30.8 | 295 | 282.6 | 2.498 × 10−4 | 0.071 |
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Al-Tardeh, S.M.; Alqam, H.N.; Kuhn, A.J.; Kuchendorf, C.M. In Vitro Assessment of Salinity Stress Impact on Early Growth in Ten Certified Palestinian Barley Cultivars (Hordeum vulgare L.) Potentially Suitable for Cultivation on Former Quarry Substrates. Water 2023, 15, 1065. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15061065
Al-Tardeh SM, Alqam HN, Kuhn AJ, Kuchendorf CM. In Vitro Assessment of Salinity Stress Impact on Early Growth in Ten Certified Palestinian Barley Cultivars (Hordeum vulgare L.) Potentially Suitable for Cultivation on Former Quarry Substrates. Water. 2023; 15(6):1065. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15061065
Chicago/Turabian StyleAl-Tardeh, Sharaf M., Hala N. Alqam, Arnd J. Kuhn, and Christina M. Kuchendorf. 2023. "In Vitro Assessment of Salinity Stress Impact on Early Growth in Ten Certified Palestinian Barley Cultivars (Hordeum vulgare L.) Potentially Suitable for Cultivation on Former Quarry Substrates" Water 15, no. 6: 1065. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15061065