Understanding the Residential Water Demand Response to Price Changes: Measuring Price Elasticity with Social Simulations
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Model Description
2.1.1. Purpose
2.1.2. Entities, State Variables and Scales
2.1.3. Process Overview and Scheduling
2.1.4. Design Concepts
2.1.5. Initialisation
2.1.6. Input
2.1.7. Submodels
Agent Scale Down
State Variables Definition
Water Consumption Definition
Billing
Action Choices
2.2. Model Adjustment and Use
2.2.1. Calibration
Water Consumption | Consumption Change | Savings Attributed to | Weight Assigned for Probability |
---|---|---|---|
Sink | −10% | more efficient use | 1/1 |
Washing dishes | −10% | better loading of the machine | 3/1 |
Shower | −10% | more efficient use | 1/1 |
Washing machine | −33% (2/3) | better loading of the machine 1 | 3/1 |
Garden watering 2 | −10% | watering at night | 2/1 |
−15% | stop watering surroundings of the house 3 | 1/1 |
2.2.2. Scenarios
2.2.3. Simulation Scenarios
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ABM | Agent-Based Model |
ODD Protocol | Overview, Design concepts and Details Protocol |
SISS | Superintendencia de Servicios Sanitarios |
CASEN | Caracterización Socioeconómica Nacional |
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Parameter | Range of Values |
---|---|
Commune | Lo Barnechea, Las Condes, Vitacura |
Consumption Profile (m3/month) | Low (<6), Medium (6–15), High (15–40), Very high (>40) |
Housing Type | Flat, Terraced house, Single house |
House Size (m2) | 40–100, 100–150, >150 |
Members | 1 to 10 |
Number of Bathrooms | 1 to 6 |
Monthly Household Income (in CLP *) | 309,000 to 26,391,666 |
Behavioural Profile | 1, 2, 3 or 4 |
Consumption Profile | Consumption Range (m3/Month/Household) | Housing Type | Size (m2) |
---|---|---|---|
Low | <6 | Flat | 40 to 100 |
Medium | 6 to 15 | Flat | 100 to 150 |
Terraced House | 40 to 100 | ||
Single House | |||
High | 15 to 40 | Flat | >150 |
Terraced House | 100 to 150 | ||
Single House | |||
Very High | >40 | Terraced House | >150 |
Single House |
Water Use | Consumption (L per Use) | Frequency | Variations |
---|---|---|---|
Toilet discharge | 5 per day and member | (if 1 bathroom) | |
(per bathroom, if bathrooms ) | |||
Sink (washing hands or brushing teeth) | 8 per day and member | (if 1 bathroom) | |
(per bathroom, if bathrooms ) | |||
Washing dishes | (by hand) | 1 per day (1 member) | |
10 (dishwasher) | 2 per day (2 or 3 members) | ||
3 per day (4 or 5 members) | |||
... | |||
Showering | 5 per week and member | (if 1 bathroom) | |
(per bathroom, if bathrooms ) | |||
Washing machine | 1 per week (1 member) | ||
2 per week (2 or 3 members) | |||
3 per week (4 or 5 members) | |||
… | |||
Garden watering | 400 (terraced house, 100 to 150 m2) | 7 per week (December to March) | |
600 (terraced house, <150 m2) | 6 per week (April and November) | ||
2750 ± 250 (single house, 100 to 150 m2) | 5 per week (May and October) | ||
3000 ± 500 (single house, m2) | 4 per week (June and September) | ||
3 per week (July and August) |
Water Consumption | Consumption Change | Savings Attributed to | ΔBill to Consider the Change (CLP/Month) |
---|---|---|---|
Sink | −10% | faucet aerator | 10,000 |
Washing dishes | 10 L/day | installing dishwasher 1 | 35,000 |
Shower | −10% | showerhead aerator | 15,000 |
Garden watering 2 | −30% | replacing watering devices | 65,000 |
−15% | replacing turf species | 85,000 |
Price Rise | Consumer Profiles | Weighted Average | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low | Medium | High | Very High | ||
5 | −0.0262 | −0.0042 | −0.0262 | −0.4289 | −0.1036 |
10 | −0.0105 | 0.0009 | −0.0114 | −0.2168 | −0.0504 |
15 | −0.0118 | −0.0007 | −0.0111 | −0.1460 | −0.0363 |
20 | −0.0091 | −0.0003 | −0.0080 | −0.1144 | −0.0281 |
25 | −0.0067 | −0.0005 | −0.0085 | −0.1010 | −0.0251 |
30 | −0.0066 | 0.0010 | −0.0068 | −0.0846 | −0.0207 |
35 | −0.0057 | −0.0013 | −0.0063 | −0.0779 | −0.0197 |
40 | −0.0050 | −0.0010 | −0.0062 | −0.0699 | −0.0177 |
45 | −0.0040 | −0.0010 | −0.0055 | −0.0648 | −0.0163 |
50 | −0.0044 | −0.0019 | −0.0059 | −0.0612 | −0.0160 |
55 | −0.0046 | −0.0021 | −0.0056 | −0.0613 | −0.0160 |
60 | −0.0047 | −0.0020 | −0.0053 | −0.0632 | −0.0163 |
65 | −0.0051 | −0.0021 | −0.0055 | −0.0661 | −0.0170 |
70 | −0.0044 | −0.0024 | −0.0055 | −0.0686 | −0.0175 |
75 | −0.0041 | −0.0025 | −0.0052 | −0.0654 | −0.0167 |
80 | −0.0042 | −0.0028 | −0.0047 | −0.0678 | −0.0172 |
85 | −0.0040 | −0.0022 | −0.0049 | −0.0647 | −0.0164 |
90 | −0.0041 | −0.0024 | −0.0049 | −0.0648 | −0.0165 |
95 | −0.0044 | −0.0023 | −0.0052 | −0.0638 | −0.0164 |
100 | −0.0037 | −0.0025 | −0.0048 | −0.0625 | −0.0159 |
Average | −0.0067 | −0.0016 | −0.0074 | −0.1007 | −0.0250 |
Price Rise | Behaviour Profiles | Average | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1: Devices Change | 2: Habits Change | 3: Devices and Habits Change | 4: No Changes | ||
5 | −0.0043 | −0.1894 | −0.2255 | 0.0046 | −0.1036 |
10 | −0.0015 | −0.0944 | −0.1084 | 0.0025 | −0.0504 |
15 | −0.0052 | −0.0681 | −0.0702 | −0.0015 | −0.0363 |
20 | −0.0033 | −0.0544 | −0.0549 | 0.0002 | −0.0281 |
25 | −0.0051 | −0.0486 | −0.0466 | −0.0001 | −0.0251 |
30 | −0.0029 | −0.0408 | −0.0385 | −0.0005 | −0.0207 |
35 | −0.0057 | −0.0360 | −0.0364 | −0.0005 | −0.0197 |
40 | −0.0071 | −0.0322 | −0.0315 | −0.0001 | −0.0177 |
45 | −0.0063 | −0.0311 | −0.0282 | 0.0005 | −0.0163 |
50 | −0.0070 | −0.0298 | −0.0269 | −0.0002 | −0.0160 |
55 | −0.0084 | −0.0293 | −0.0267 | 0.0004 | −0.0160 |
60 | −0.0135 | −0.0261 | −0.0253 | −0.0002 | −0.0163 |
65 | −0.0161 | −0.0269 | −0.0249 | −0.0001 | −0.0170 |
70 | −0.0209 | −0.0250 | −0.0244 | 0.0001 | −0.0175 |
75 | −0.0206 | −0.0236 | −0.0226 | −0.0002 | −0.0167 |
80 | −0.0215 | −0.0238 | −0.0235 | 0.0000 | −0.0172 |
85 | −0.0223 | −0.0232 | −0.0205 | 0.0002 | −0.0164 |
90 | −0.0220 | −0.0224 | −0.0216 | −0.0000 | −0.0165 |
95 | −0.0222 | −0.0219 | −0.0216 | 0.0000 | −0.0164 |
100 | −0.0221 | −0.0209 | −0.0208 | −0.0000 | −0.0159 |
Average | −0.0119 | −0.0434 | −0.0450 | 0.0003 | −0.0250 |
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Vidal-Lamolla, P.; Molinos-Senante, M.; Poch, M. Understanding the Residential Water Demand Response to Price Changes: Measuring Price Elasticity with Social Simulations. Water 2024, 16, 2501. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16172501
Vidal-Lamolla P, Molinos-Senante M, Poch M. Understanding the Residential Water Demand Response to Price Changes: Measuring Price Elasticity with Social Simulations. Water. 2024; 16(17):2501. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16172501
Chicago/Turabian StyleVidal-Lamolla, Pol, María Molinos-Senante, and Manel Poch. 2024. "Understanding the Residential Water Demand Response to Price Changes: Measuring Price Elasticity with Social Simulations" Water 16, no. 17: 2501. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16172501